in Armenia, Turkey is planning to build the first nuclear power plant too (IAEA
2015; World nuclear 2016). At the same time, the Black Sea is an important source
of seafood, mining, and also has great recreational resource.
The main global source of technogenic radioisotopes in the Black Sea is fallout
from nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere (maximum of these fallouts related
to the 60th years of the twentieth century). The second most important source of
radioactive the
238,239,240 Pu contamination served the accident on ChNPP (with a
peak in 1986). The Black Sea received radioactive contamination by anthropogenic
radionuclides directly from the atmosphere fallout and indirectly as runoff from
rivers: in the case of the Chernobyl accident they were Dnieper, Bug, Dniester and
Danube rivers predominantly (Gulin et al. 2002). Total inventory of
239,240 Pu to the
Black Sea from the two main sources was estimated at 35.15 TBq from the global
fallout and 4.61 TBq from the Chernobyl fallout (Polikarpov et al. 2008).
Modern levels of
239,240 Pu contamination in the Black Sea water are relatively
low. However, it is important to study distribution and biogeochemical behavior of
these radionuclides in marine environment and different biogenic components of
sea ecosystems. In addition we can to investigate radioecological regularities of
plutonium migration in and through the sea using the radioactive plutonium contamination of the Black Sea as a radioactive tracer of natural biogeochemical
processes in marine ecosystem. To identify features of radioecological behavior
of plutonium in the Black Sea is significant for the open (because the Black Sea, in
contrast to other seas, is characterized by the reduction zone) and especially for
coastal areas, which are widely used for the cultivation and production of seafood
and recreation, and are limited habitat area for biocenoses of benthonic and other
oxibionts as the Black Sea depth waters (deeper than 150–200 m) are contaminated
with hydrogen sulfide (Skopintsev 1975; Eremeev and Konovalov 2006). Understanding of plutonium pathways will enable to carry out the forecasting of its
migration in the ecosystems, prediction of the state of the Black Sea under different
radioecological situations, including emergencies, and development of science–
based recommendations for minimization of consequences of different nuclear
accidents. It is important to evaluate currently the irradiation dose rates of the
239,240 Pu on the Black Sea hydrobionts of different trophic levels.
So the aim of our investigation was to study the contamination of the Black Sea
ecosystem components (water, bottom sediment and hydrobionts) by plutonium
alpha–radionuclides
239,240
Pu, determine and analyze quantitative characteristics of
plutonium migration in the Black Sea ecosystems and apple a comparative analysis
together with equidosimetric approach to the ecological effects assessment from
239,240 Pu on hydrobionts in contemporary radiological situation in the Black Sea
and in different potential radioecological situations in wide range of alpha–emitting
plutonium radionuclides concentration activity in seawater.
250
N.N. Tereshchenko
2015; World nuclear 2016). At the same time, the Black Sea is an important source
of seafood, mining, and also has great recreational resource.
The main global source of technogenic radioisotopes in the Black Sea is fallout
from nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere (maximum of these fallouts related
to the 60th years of the twentieth century). The second most important source of
radioactive the
238,239,240 Pu contamination served the accident on ChNPP (with a
peak in 1986). The Black Sea received radioactive contamination by anthropogenic
radionuclides directly from the atmosphere fallout and indirectly as runoff from
rivers: in the case of the Chernobyl accident they were Dnieper, Bug, Dniester and
Danube rivers predominantly (Gulin et al. 2002). Total inventory of
239,240 Pu to the
Black Sea from the two main sources was estimated at 35.15 TBq from the global
fallout and 4.61 TBq from the Chernobyl fallout (Polikarpov et al. 2008).
Modern levels of
239,240 Pu contamination in the Black Sea water are relatively
low. However, it is important to study distribution and biogeochemical behavior of
these radionuclides in marine environment and different biogenic components of
sea ecosystems. In addition we can to investigate radioecological regularities of
plutonium migration in and through the sea using the radioactive plutonium contamination of the Black Sea as a radioactive tracer of natural biogeochemical
processes in marine ecosystem. To identify features of radioecological behavior
of plutonium in the Black Sea is significant for the open (because the Black Sea, in
contrast to other seas, is characterized by the reduction zone) and especially for
coastal areas, which are widely used for the cultivation and production of seafood
and recreation, and are limited habitat area for biocenoses of benthonic and other
oxibionts as the Black Sea depth waters (deeper than 150–200 m) are contaminated
with hydrogen sulfide (Skopintsev 1975; Eremeev and Konovalov 2006). Understanding of plutonium pathways will enable to carry out the forecasting of its
migration in the ecosystems, prediction of the state of the Black Sea under different
radioecological situations, including emergencies, and development of science–
based recommendations for minimization of consequences of different nuclear
accidents. It is important to evaluate currently the irradiation dose rates of the
239,240 Pu on the Black Sea hydrobionts of different trophic levels.
So the aim of our investigation was to study the contamination of the Black Sea
ecosystem components (water, bottom sediment and hydrobionts) by plutonium
alpha–radionuclides
239,240
Pu, determine and analyze quantitative characteristics of
plutonium migration in the Black Sea ecosystems and apple a comparative analysis
together with equidosimetric approach to the ecological effects assessment from
239,240 Pu on hydrobionts in contemporary radiological situation in the Black Sea
and in different potential radioecological situations in wide range of alpha–emitting
plutonium radionuclides concentration activity in seawater.
250
N.N. Tereshchenko