15.1 Introduction
With the population explosion, the demand of food for the human population has
increased substantially. The food resources are under increasing pressure. Diversification of resources and efficiency of consumption are two ways with good
solutions in order to reduce these pressures. Parallel operation of multiple dietary
sources, not only makes the offer richer and healthier, including in the economic
field, but also reduce pressures on main source. Consumption efficiency can have
positive effect on the dislocation of living resources and on the economic costs,
including production costs. Overall, the approach of the two ways would be
beneficial for the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity, and bio waste can be
minimized. A noticeable component in the coastal zone, is also the fish. Total catch
of marine resource, from the Romanian Black Sea sector, were between 568 and
2231 tones, for the period 2011–2014 (Cardinale et al. 2015; Maximov et al. 2013;
Nicolaev et al. 2015; Radu et al. 2012). The interest in sea food increased lately for
Rapana, their abundance in catches being remarkable (over 80%). Among the
species of fish, the most common were anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus), sprat
(Sprattus sprattus) and turbot (Psetta maxima Maeotica) (Maximov et al. 2013;
Nicolaev et al. 2015).
Food quality of living marine resources is appreciated also in terms of content of
substances having risk to human health. Therefore, the evaluation of radionuclide
contents is also a request to the commercial market. Use of nuclear energy, but
especially the knowledge of accidental situations, from the past, require continued
close monitoring of the environment and living resources, in this regard (Chiosila
et al. 2012). Data from this work were obtained in the frame of the BS ERA NET
041 Project, from Black Sea ERA NET Pilot Joint Call 2010/2011, under FP7
European Program.
15.2 Materials and Methods
The samples were taken from fish catches in Romanian area, weighted, dried and
ashed (below 450 Celsius degrees). The investigation of the radioactive content was
performed by/IFIN-HH, coordinator in the “RACE” BS ERA NET 041 Project,
using the facilities of Slanic Prahova Low – Background Radiation Laboratory
(SPLBRL) (Margineanu et al. 2008). The measurements were performed by a
gamma spectrometry system using HPGe detector (FWHM of 1.77 keV/
1332.4 keV and a relative efficiency of 22.3%), InSpectorTM 2000 electronic
module, GENIE2000 spectrum acquisition and processing soft. Gamma spectra
were recorded for 85,000 s for up to 100 g of fish samples sealed in circular plastic
boxes (75 mm diameter, 1 mm wall thickness).
The radiological impact was estimated for individual commitment effective dose
by ingestion, E:
242
V. Pa ˘tras ¸cu et al.
With the population explosion, the demand of food for the human population has
increased substantially. The food resources are under increasing pressure. Diversification of resources and efficiency of consumption are two ways with good
solutions in order to reduce these pressures. Parallel operation of multiple dietary
sources, not only makes the offer richer and healthier, including in the economic
field, but also reduce pressures on main source. Consumption efficiency can have
positive effect on the dislocation of living resources and on the economic costs,
including production costs. Overall, the approach of the two ways would be
beneficial for the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity, and bio waste can be
minimized. A noticeable component in the coastal zone, is also the fish. Total catch
of marine resource, from the Romanian Black Sea sector, were between 568 and
2231 tones, for the period 2011–2014 (Cardinale et al. 2015; Maximov et al. 2013;
Nicolaev et al. 2015; Radu et al. 2012). The interest in sea food increased lately for
Rapana, their abundance in catches being remarkable (over 80%). Among the
species of fish, the most common were anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus), sprat
(Sprattus sprattus) and turbot (Psetta maxima Maeotica) (Maximov et al. 2013;
Nicolaev et al. 2015).
Food quality of living marine resources is appreciated also in terms of content of
substances having risk to human health. Therefore, the evaluation of radionuclide
contents is also a request to the commercial market. Use of nuclear energy, but
especially the knowledge of accidental situations, from the past, require continued
close monitoring of the environment and living resources, in this regard (Chiosila
et al. 2012). Data from this work were obtained in the frame of the BS ERA NET
041 Project, from Black Sea ERA NET Pilot Joint Call 2010/2011, under FP7
European Program.
15.2 Materials and Methods
The samples were taken from fish catches in Romanian area, weighted, dried and
ashed (below 450 Celsius degrees). The investigation of the radioactive content was
performed by/IFIN-HH, coordinator in the “RACE” BS ERA NET 041 Project,
using the facilities of Slanic Prahova Low – Background Radiation Laboratory
(SPLBRL) (Margineanu et al. 2008). The measurements were performed by a
gamma spectrometry system using HPGe detector (FWHM of 1.77 keV/
1332.4 keV and a relative efficiency of 22.3%), InSpectorTM 2000 electronic
module, GENIE2000 spectrum acquisition and processing soft. Gamma spectra
were recorded for 85,000 s for up to 100 g of fish samples sealed in circular plastic
boxes (75 mm diameter, 1 mm wall thickness).
The radiological impact was estimated for individual commitment effective dose
by ingestion, E:
242
V. Pa ˘tras ¸cu et al.