38
3 Status: Basics of ICZM
3.2 Principles for ICZM: A Compilation
One can find many suggestions for the basic principles which should be recognized in
designing an integrated management process (see e.g. Fig. 3.1). A bulk of literature is
available to substantiate these principles. Here, we concentrate on two descriptions of
principles with a time difference of 30 years.
In Sect. 2.1 the first steps in integrated management of the San Francisco Bay were
described. In 1972 the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) went into force. Within the
CZMA minimum standards have been set for the development of coastal zone management
programs of coastal states (Archer and Knecht, 1987, p. 105):
(a) The protection of natural resources, including but not limited to, wetlands, floodplains,
estuaries, beaches, dunes, barrier islands, coral reefs, and fish and wildlife and their habitats
within the coastal zone;
(b) The management of coastal development to minimize the loss of life and property in
hazardous areas;
(c) Priority consideration of coastal-dependent uses, and an orderly process for siting major facilities related to national defense, energy, fisheries development, recreation, ports
and transportation, and the location of new development in or adjacent to areas already
developed;
(d) Public access to the coasts for recreation purpose;
(e) Assistance in the redevelopment of urban waterfronts and ports, and preservation and
restoration of historic, cultural and aesthetic coastal features;
(f) Coordination and simplification of governmental decision-making for the management of
coastal resources;
(g) Consultation and coordination with federal agencies;
(h) Participation by the public and local governments in coastal management decision-making;
and
(i) Comprehensive planning, conservation, and management for living marine resources, including planning for the siting of pollution control and aquaculture facilities in the coastal
zone, and improved coordination between state and federal agencies.
Fig. 3.1 Necessity of integration at the Wadden Sea coast in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany,
shipping, fishing and natural conservation c
Frank Ahlhorn
3 Status: Basics of ICZM
3.2 Principles for ICZM: A Compilation
One can find many suggestions for the basic principles which should be recognized in
designing an integrated management process (see e.g. Fig. 3.1). A bulk of literature is
available to substantiate these principles. Here, we concentrate on two descriptions of
principles with a time difference of 30 years.
In Sect. 2.1 the first steps in integrated management of the San Francisco Bay were
described. In 1972 the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) went into force. Within the
CZMA minimum standards have been set for the development of coastal zone management
programs of coastal states (Archer and Knecht, 1987, p. 105):
(a) The protection of natural resources, including but not limited to, wetlands, floodplains,
estuaries, beaches, dunes, barrier islands, coral reefs, and fish and wildlife and their habitats
within the coastal zone;
(b) The management of coastal development to minimize the loss of life and property in
hazardous areas;
(c) Priority consideration of coastal-dependent uses, and an orderly process for siting major facilities related to national defense, energy, fisheries development, recreation, ports
and transportation, and the location of new development in or adjacent to areas already
developed;
(d) Public access to the coasts for recreation purpose;
(e) Assistance in the redevelopment of urban waterfronts and ports, and preservation and
restoration of historic, cultural and aesthetic coastal features;
(f) Coordination and simplification of governmental decision-making for the management of
coastal resources;
(g) Consultation and coordination with federal agencies;
(h) Participation by the public and local governments in coastal management decision-making;
and
(i) Comprehensive planning, conservation, and management for living marine resources, including planning for the siting of pollution control and aquaculture facilities in the coastal
zone, and improved coordination between state and federal agencies.
Fig. 3.1 Necessity of integration at the Wadden Sea coast in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany,
shipping, fishing and natural conservation c
Frank Ahlhorn