Benthic Fauna of Streams
205
7. Whirl-a-pac plastic bags.
8. Boots or waders.
9. Alcohol (70%).
Sample Data Sheet
Name of stream, _______ _
Recorder ___________ _
Type of sampler _______ _
Collection date, ________ _
Sample no . . _________ _
Time, ____________ ___
Stream width ________ _
Stream depth, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Bottom type, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Current velocity ________ _
Percent of total
Biomass
Number
Weight
Order
Numbers/m 2 (dry g/m 2 )
basis
basis
Trichoptera
Ephemeroptera
Diptera
Etc.
References
Chutter, F.M. 1972. A reappraisal of Needham and Usinger's data on the variability of a
stream fauna when sampled with a Surber sampler. Limnol. Oceanogr. 17: 139-141.
Coleman, MJ. and H.B.N. Hynes. 1970. The vertical distribution of the invertebrate fauna in
the bed of a stream. Limnol. Oceanogr. 15: 31-40.
Cummins, K.W. 1962. An evaluation of some techniques for the collection and analysis of
benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters. Amer. Midland Nat. 67:477-503.
Cummins, K.W. 1974. Structure and function of stream ecosystems. BioScience 24:631-641.
Cummins, K.W., R.W. Merritt, and T.M. Burton. 1984. The role of aquatic insects in the
processing and cycling of nutrients. pp. 134-163. In: V.H. Resh and D.M. Rosenberg, Editors.
The Ecology of Aquatic Insects. Prager, New York.
Davies, 1.1. 1984. Sampling aquatic insect emergence. pp. 161-227. In: J.A. Downing and F.H.
Rigler, Editors. A Manual on Methods for the Assessment of Secondary Productivity in
Fresh Waters. 2nd Ed. Blackwell, Oxford.
Dickson, K.L., J. Cairns, Jr., and 1.e. Arnold. 1971. An evaluation of the use of basket-type
artificial substrate for sampling macroinvertebrate organisms. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc.
100:553-559.
Elliott, J.M. and P.A. Tullett. 1978. A bibliography of samplers for benthic invertebrates. Occas.
Publ. Freshw. BioI. Assoc. U.K. 4. 61 pp.
Fisher, S.G. and G.E. Likens. 1973. Energy flow in Bear Brook, New Hampshire: An integrative
approach to stream ecosystem metabolism. Ecol. Monogr. 43:421-439.
Flannagan, 1.F. and D.M. Rosenberg. 1982. Types of artificial substrates used for sampling
freshwater benthic macro invertebrates. pp. 237-266. In: 1. Cairns, Jr., Editor. Artificial
Substrates. Ann Arbor Science PubIs. Inc., Ann Arbor.
Frost, S., A. Huni, and W.E. Kershaw. 1971. Evaluation of a kicking technique for sampling
stream bottom fauna. Can. J. Zoo I. 49: 167-173.
Hall, R.J., G.E. Likens, S.B. Fiance, and G.R. Hendrey. 1980. Experimental acidification of a
stream in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Ecology 61 :976-989.
Hess, A.D. 1941. New limnological sampling equipment. Limnol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Publ. 5. 5 pp.
205
7. Whirl-a-pac plastic bags.
8. Boots or waders.
9. Alcohol (70%).
Sample Data Sheet
Name of stream, _______ _
Recorder ___________ _
Type of sampler _______ _
Collection date, ________ _
Sample no . . _________ _
Time, ____________ ___
Stream width ________ _
Stream depth, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Bottom type, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Current velocity ________ _
Percent of total
Biomass
Number
Weight
Order
Numbers/m 2 (dry g/m 2 )
basis
basis
Trichoptera
Ephemeroptera
Diptera
Etc.
References
Chutter, F.M. 1972. A reappraisal of Needham and Usinger's data on the variability of a
stream fauna when sampled with a Surber sampler. Limnol. Oceanogr. 17: 139-141.
Coleman, MJ. and H.B.N. Hynes. 1970. The vertical distribution of the invertebrate fauna in
the bed of a stream. Limnol. Oceanogr. 15: 31-40.
Cummins, K.W. 1962. An evaluation of some techniques for the collection and analysis of
benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters. Amer. Midland Nat. 67:477-503.
Cummins, K.W. 1974. Structure and function of stream ecosystems. BioScience 24:631-641.
Cummins, K.W., R.W. Merritt, and T.M. Burton. 1984. The role of aquatic insects in the
processing and cycling of nutrients. pp. 134-163. In: V.H. Resh and D.M. Rosenberg, Editors.
The Ecology of Aquatic Insects. Prager, New York.
Davies, 1.1. 1984. Sampling aquatic insect emergence. pp. 161-227. In: J.A. Downing and F.H.
Rigler, Editors. A Manual on Methods for the Assessment of Secondary Productivity in
Fresh Waters. 2nd Ed. Blackwell, Oxford.
Dickson, K.L., J. Cairns, Jr., and 1.e. Arnold. 1971. An evaluation of the use of basket-type
artificial substrate for sampling macroinvertebrate organisms. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc.
100:553-559.
Elliott, J.M. and P.A. Tullett. 1978. A bibliography of samplers for benthic invertebrates. Occas.
Publ. Freshw. BioI. Assoc. U.K. 4. 61 pp.
Fisher, S.G. and G.E. Likens. 1973. Energy flow in Bear Brook, New Hampshire: An integrative
approach to stream ecosystem metabolism. Ecol. Monogr. 43:421-439.
Flannagan, 1.F. and D.M. Rosenberg. 1982. Types of artificial substrates used for sampling
freshwater benthic macro invertebrates. pp. 237-266. In: 1. Cairns, Jr., Editor. Artificial
Substrates. Ann Arbor Science PubIs. Inc., Ann Arbor.
Frost, S., A. Huni, and W.E. Kershaw. 1971. Evaluation of a kicking technique for sampling
stream bottom fauna. Can. J. Zoo I. 49: 167-173.
Hall, R.J., G.E. Likens, S.B. Fiance, and G.R. Hendrey. 1980. Experimental acidification of a
stream in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Ecology 61 :976-989.
Hess, A.D. 1941. New limnological sampling equipment. Limnol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Publ. 5. 5 pp.