Composition and Biomass of Phytoplankton
163
4. Sedimentation chambers of various designs (see text).
5. Inverted or conventional compound microscopes.
6. Whipple ocular micrometer eyepieces (reticules) and stage micrometer.
7. Sedgwick-Rafter and Palmer-Maloney plankton counting cells.
8. Filtration apparatus, membrane filters (0.45-/lm and 0.8-/lm pore size), or glass fiber filters
(Whatman GF/F, 0.6 to 0.7-/lm pore size).
9. Acetone, concentrated NH40H, Teflon/glass grinding tubes, 15-ml graduated centrifuge
tubes, polypropylene centrifuge tubes with caps, clinical centrifuge, 4N HCI [i.e., dilute
0.331 of concentrated HCI (sp. gr. 1.18 or 37%) to 1.00 I].
a. Alkaline acetone solution: Pipet 100 ml of redistilled water into a 1000-ml ground
glass-stoppered volumetric flask. Bring up to mark with spectral grade redistilled
acetone; mix thoroughly. Add two drops of reagent grade concentrated NH40H; mix
thoroughly.
10. Spectrophotometer (preferably narrow-band wavelength, ± 1.0 nm), Turner fluorometer
with blue source lamp (Turner 110-853 or F.4T4-BL), primary filter for excitation (Kodak
Wratten 47B or Corning CS.5-60) and Corning CS.2-64 secondary filter for the emitted
light, or equivalent.
References
American Public Health Association. 1989. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater. 17th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 1550 pp.
Bellinger, E.G. 1974. A note on the use of algal sizes in estimates of population standing crops.
Brit. Phycol. J. 9:157-161.
Borsheim, K.Y. and G. Bratbak. 1987. Cell volume to cell carbon conversion factors for a
bacterivorous Monas sp. enriched from seawater. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 36:171-176.
Brock, T.D. 1983. Membrane Filtration: A User's Guide and Reference Manual. Science Tech.
Inc. Madison. 381 pp.
Clark, W.J. and W.F. Sigler. 1963. Method of concentrating phytoplankton samples using
membrane filters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 8:127-129.
Coulon, C. and V. Alexander. 1972. A sliding-chamber phytoplankton settling technique for
making permanent quantitative slides with applications in fluorescent microscopy and
autoradiography. Limnol. Oceanogr. 17: 149-152.
Crumpton, W.G. and R.G. Wetzel. 1981. A method for preparing permanent mounts of
phytoplankton for critical microscopy and cell counting. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26:976-980.
deNoyelles, F., Jr. 1968. A stained-organism filter technique for concentrating phytoplankton.
Limnol. Oceanogr. 13: 562-565.
Dodson, A.N. and W.H. Thomas. 1964. Concentration of plankton in a gentle fashion. Limnol.
Oceanogr. 9:455-456.
Golterman, H.L. and R.S. Clymo (eds). 1969. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Fresh Waters.
IBP Handbook No.8. Blackwell, Oxford. 172 pp.
Holmes, R.W. 1962. The preparation of marine phytoplankton for microscopic examination
and enumeration on molecular filters. U.S. Fish. Wild\. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 433. 6 pp.
Holm-Hansen, 0., c.J. Lorenzen, R.W. Holmes, and J.D.H. Strickland. 1965. Fluorometric
determination of chlorophyll. J. Conseil Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 30: 3-15.
Jackson, H.W. and L.G. Williams. 1962. Calibration and use of certain plankton counting
equipment. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 81 :96-103.
Jacobsen, T.R. 1982. Comparison of chlorophyll a measurements by fluorometric, spectrophotometric and high pressure liquid chromatographic methods in aquatic environments.
Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. 16:35-45.
Javornicky, P. 1958. Revise nekterych metod pro zjistovani kvantity fytoplanktonu. (The
revision of some quantitative methods for phytoplankton research.) (In Czech, with English
summary.) Sci. Pap. Inst. Chern. Technol. Prague, Fac. Technol. Fuel and Water 2 (Part 1):
283-367.
163
4. Sedimentation chambers of various designs (see text).
5. Inverted or conventional compound microscopes.
6. Whipple ocular micrometer eyepieces (reticules) and stage micrometer.
7. Sedgwick-Rafter and Palmer-Maloney plankton counting cells.
8. Filtration apparatus, membrane filters (0.45-/lm and 0.8-/lm pore size), or glass fiber filters
(Whatman GF/F, 0.6 to 0.7-/lm pore size).
9. Acetone, concentrated NH40H, Teflon/glass grinding tubes, 15-ml graduated centrifuge
tubes, polypropylene centrifuge tubes with caps, clinical centrifuge, 4N HCI [i.e., dilute
0.331 of concentrated HCI (sp. gr. 1.18 or 37%) to 1.00 I].
a. Alkaline acetone solution: Pipet 100 ml of redistilled water into a 1000-ml ground
glass-stoppered volumetric flask. Bring up to mark with spectral grade redistilled
acetone; mix thoroughly. Add two drops of reagent grade concentrated NH40H; mix
thoroughly.
10. Spectrophotometer (preferably narrow-band wavelength, ± 1.0 nm), Turner fluorometer
with blue source lamp (Turner 110-853 or F.4T4-BL), primary filter for excitation (Kodak
Wratten 47B or Corning CS.5-60) and Corning CS.2-64 secondary filter for the emitted
light, or equivalent.
References
American Public Health Association. 1989. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater. 17th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 1550 pp.
Bellinger, E.G. 1974. A note on the use of algal sizes in estimates of population standing crops.
Brit. Phycol. J. 9:157-161.
Borsheim, K.Y. and G. Bratbak. 1987. Cell volume to cell carbon conversion factors for a
bacterivorous Monas sp. enriched from seawater. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 36:171-176.
Brock, T.D. 1983. Membrane Filtration: A User's Guide and Reference Manual. Science Tech.
Inc. Madison. 381 pp.
Clark, W.J. and W.F. Sigler. 1963. Method of concentrating phytoplankton samples using
membrane filters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 8:127-129.
Coulon, C. and V. Alexander. 1972. A sliding-chamber phytoplankton settling technique for
making permanent quantitative slides with applications in fluorescent microscopy and
autoradiography. Limnol. Oceanogr. 17: 149-152.
Crumpton, W.G. and R.G. Wetzel. 1981. A method for preparing permanent mounts of
phytoplankton for critical microscopy and cell counting. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26:976-980.
deNoyelles, F., Jr. 1968. A stained-organism filter technique for concentrating phytoplankton.
Limnol. Oceanogr. 13: 562-565.
Dodson, A.N. and W.H. Thomas. 1964. Concentration of plankton in a gentle fashion. Limnol.
Oceanogr. 9:455-456.
Golterman, H.L. and R.S. Clymo (eds). 1969. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Fresh Waters.
IBP Handbook No.8. Blackwell, Oxford. 172 pp.
Holmes, R.W. 1962. The preparation of marine phytoplankton for microscopic examination
and enumeration on molecular filters. U.S. Fish. Wild\. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 433. 6 pp.
Holm-Hansen, 0., c.J. Lorenzen, R.W. Holmes, and J.D.H. Strickland. 1965. Fluorometric
determination of chlorophyll. J. Conseil Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 30: 3-15.
Jackson, H.W. and L.G. Williams. 1962. Calibration and use of certain plankton counting
equipment. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 81 :96-103.
Jacobsen, T.R. 1982. Comparison of chlorophyll a measurements by fluorometric, spectrophotometric and high pressure liquid chromatographic methods in aquatic environments.
Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. 16:35-45.
Javornicky, P. 1958. Revise nekterych metod pro zjistovani kvantity fytoplanktonu. (The
revision of some quantitative methods for phytoplankton research.) (In Czech, with English
summary.) Sci. Pap. Inst. Chern. Technol. Prague, Fac. Technol. Fuel and Water 2 (Part 1):
283-367.