Contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.2.1
1.2.2.2
1.2.2.3
1.2.2.4
1.2.3
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.2.1
2.3.2.2
2.3.2.3
2.3.2.4
2.3.2.5
2.3.2.6
2.3.2.7
2.3.3
2.3.3.1
General Features of Radioisotopic Methodology
and Measurement of Radioactivity ........................ .
Physical Background .................................... .
Measurement of Radioactivity ............................ .
General Considerations .................................. .
Liquid Scintillation Counting ... ~ ......................... .
Basic Principles ......................................... .
Practical Use of Liquid Scintillation Counting ............... .
Quenching and Quench Correction ........................ .
The Effect of Chemoluminescence ......................... .
Application of Radioisotopic Methods in Hydrobiology ...... .
The Radiocarbon Method to Estimate Primary Production
1
1
6
6
7
7
10
13
17
18
in Aquatic Environments .................................. 21
Introduction ............................................. 21
Historical Proceedings .................................... 22
Technique of Measuring Phytoplankton Primary Production ... 26
General Principles ....................................... 26
Practical Use of the 14C-Methodology to Estimate Cps ......... 27
Preparation of 14C-Carbonate Working Solution
and Determination of its Radioactivity (R;) .................. 27
Estimation of Total Hydrocarbonate Carbon Contents
in Water (C;) ............................................. 31
Selection of Bottles for Experiments and Their Preparation .... 32
Sampling Technique ...................................... 34
Experiments to Measure the Absolute Photosynthesis Rate
(Cp) and Primary Production (Cps)
in the Surface Water Layer ................................ 35
Practical Problems of Filtration and Measuring Radioactivity
of Filters ................................................ 40
Estimating correction Coefficients (K/, Kc) .................. 42
Estimating Integrated Pelagic Primary Production
in the Water Column (Cpt) ................................. 48
The Cpd Method ......................................... 50
1
1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.2.1
1.2.2.2
1.2.2.3
1.2.2.4
1.2.3
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.2.1
2.3.2.2
2.3.2.3
2.3.2.4
2.3.2.5
2.3.2.6
2.3.2.7
2.3.3
2.3.3.1
General Features of Radioisotopic Methodology
and Measurement of Radioactivity ........................ .
Physical Background .................................... .
Measurement of Radioactivity ............................ .
General Considerations .................................. .
Liquid Scintillation Counting ... ~ ......................... .
Basic Principles ......................................... .
Practical Use of Liquid Scintillation Counting ............... .
Quenching and Quench Correction ........................ .
The Effect of Chemoluminescence ......................... .
Application of Radioisotopic Methods in Hydrobiology ...... .
The Radiocarbon Method to Estimate Primary Production
1
1
6
6
7
7
10
13
17
18
in Aquatic Environments .................................. 21
Introduction ............................................. 21
Historical Proceedings .................................... 22
Technique of Measuring Phytoplankton Primary Production ... 26
General Principles ....................................... 26
Practical Use of the 14C-Methodology to Estimate Cps ......... 27
Preparation of 14C-Carbonate Working Solution
and Determination of its Radioactivity (R;) .................. 27
Estimation of Total Hydrocarbonate Carbon Contents
in Water (C;) ............................................. 31
Selection of Bottles for Experiments and Their Preparation .... 32
Sampling Technique ...................................... 34
Experiments to Measure the Absolute Photosynthesis Rate
(Cp) and Primary Production (Cps)
in the Surface Water Layer ................................ 35
Practical Problems of Filtration and Measuring Radioactivity
of Filters ................................................ 40
Estimating correction Coefficients (K/, Kc) .................. 42
Estimating Integrated Pelagic Primary Production
in the Water Column (Cpt) ................................. 48
The Cpd Method ......................................... 50