18 Computation of Hydrological Data
417
advantage, however, is mainly the large size of the receiving antenna required for
the reception of the weak passive microwave radiance emitted. Furthermore, the
spatial resolution of the microwave information depends on the size of the receiving antenna, which means that in the future the equipment for the reception of
passive microwave information must be considerably improved. New systems
(TRMM) can fulfil the requirements for hydrological purposes. The TRMM
(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, a joint scientific satellite project between
NASA and the NASDA (the Japanese Space Agency)) payload contains five instruments. It includes the Precipitation Radar (PR), a TRMM Microwave Imager
(TMI), a Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS), a Cloud and Earth Radiant Energy
System (CERES), and a Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). The main objective of
TRMM is to monitor and document the rainfall and energy release at monthly time
scales over 500x500 km areas. TRMM was launched on November, 27, 1997. This
means that it will take many years until a long time series of data is available as
required for the purpose of planning water projects as discussed in this chapter.
References
Adler, R. F. and R. A. Mack (1984): Thunderstorm Cloud Height-Rainfall Rate Relations for
Use with Satellite Rainfall Estimation Techniques. Journal Climate and Applied Meteorology, Vol. 33, pp. 280-296
Arkin, P. A. (1979): The relation between fractional coverage of high cloud and rainfall accumulations during GATE over B-Scale array. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 107, No. 10, pp.
1382-1387
Barrett, E. C. and D. W. Martin (1981): The Use of Satellite Data in Rainfall Monitoring. Academic Press
Green, JoAnna, L. and V. Koren (1995): Results using a simple weighting method to merge
satellite and raingage data in the Blue Nile river basin for input into a distributed hydrological model. Conference on Hydrology, 15-20 January, 1995, Dallas Texas, Published by the
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 173-177
Griffith, C. G.; W. L. Woodley and P. G. Grube (1978): Rain Estimation from Geosynchronous
Satellite Imagery - Visible and Infrared Studies. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 106, pp.
1153-1171
Griffith, C. G.; J. A. Augustine and W. L. Woodley (1981): Satellite rain estimation in the U.S.
High Plains. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 20, pp. 53-56
Griffith, C. G. (1987): The Estimation from Satellite Imagery of Summertime Rainfall over
varied Space and Time Scales. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ESG - 25, pp. 102
Gyau-Boakye, P. (1993): Filling Gaps in Hydrological Runoff Data Series in West-Africa.
Schriftenreihe, Hydrologie/Wasserwirtschaft, Ruhr-Universitiit Bochum, Heft 10
Gyau-Boakye, P. (1994): Filling gaps in runoff time series in West Africa. Hydrological Sciences - 10urnal- des Sciences Hydrologiques, 39, 6, pp. 621-636
Hardy, S.; G. Dugdale; J. R. Milford and J. V. Sutcliffe (1989): The use of satellite derived
rainfall estimates as inputs to flow prediction in the River Senegal. IAHS Publ. no. 181, pp.
23-30
Higgins, R.J. (1981): Use and Modification of a Simple Rainfall-Runoff Model for Wet Tropical
Catchments. Water Resources Research, Vol. 17, No.2, pp.423-427
Huygen, J. (1989): Estimation of rainfall in Zambia using Meteosat - TIR data. Report 12, The
WINAND STARING CENTRE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
417
advantage, however, is mainly the large size of the receiving antenna required for
the reception of the weak passive microwave radiance emitted. Furthermore, the
spatial resolution of the microwave information depends on the size of the receiving antenna, which means that in the future the equipment for the reception of
passive microwave information must be considerably improved. New systems
(TRMM) can fulfil the requirements for hydrological purposes. The TRMM
(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, a joint scientific satellite project between
NASA and the NASDA (the Japanese Space Agency)) payload contains five instruments. It includes the Precipitation Radar (PR), a TRMM Microwave Imager
(TMI), a Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS), a Cloud and Earth Radiant Energy
System (CERES), and a Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). The main objective of
TRMM is to monitor and document the rainfall and energy release at monthly time
scales over 500x500 km areas. TRMM was launched on November, 27, 1997. This
means that it will take many years until a long time series of data is available as
required for the purpose of planning water projects as discussed in this chapter.
References
Adler, R. F. and R. A. Mack (1984): Thunderstorm Cloud Height-Rainfall Rate Relations for
Use with Satellite Rainfall Estimation Techniques. Journal Climate and Applied Meteorology, Vol. 33, pp. 280-296
Arkin, P. A. (1979): The relation between fractional coverage of high cloud and rainfall accumulations during GATE over B-Scale array. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 107, No. 10, pp.
1382-1387
Barrett, E. C. and D. W. Martin (1981): The Use of Satellite Data in Rainfall Monitoring. Academic Press
Green, JoAnna, L. and V. Koren (1995): Results using a simple weighting method to merge
satellite and raingage data in the Blue Nile river basin for input into a distributed hydrological model. Conference on Hydrology, 15-20 January, 1995, Dallas Texas, Published by the
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 173-177
Griffith, C. G.; W. L. Woodley and P. G. Grube (1978): Rain Estimation from Geosynchronous
Satellite Imagery - Visible and Infrared Studies. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 106, pp.
1153-1171
Griffith, C. G.; J. A. Augustine and W. L. Woodley (1981): Satellite rain estimation in the U.S.
High Plains. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 20, pp. 53-56
Griffith, C. G. (1987): The Estimation from Satellite Imagery of Summertime Rainfall over
varied Space and Time Scales. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ESG - 25, pp. 102
Gyau-Boakye, P. (1993): Filling Gaps in Hydrological Runoff Data Series in West-Africa.
Schriftenreihe, Hydrologie/Wasserwirtschaft, Ruhr-Universitiit Bochum, Heft 10
Gyau-Boakye, P. (1994): Filling gaps in runoff time series in West Africa. Hydrological Sciences - 10urnal- des Sciences Hydrologiques, 39, 6, pp. 621-636
Hardy, S.; G. Dugdale; J. R. Milford and J. V. Sutcliffe (1989): The use of satellite derived
rainfall estimates as inputs to flow prediction in the River Senegal. IAHS Publ. no. 181, pp.
23-30
Higgins, R.J. (1981): Use and Modification of a Simple Rainfall-Runoff Model for Wet Tropical
Catchments. Water Resources Research, Vol. 17, No.2, pp.423-427
Huygen, J. (1989): Estimation of rainfall in Zambia using Meteosat - TIR data. Report 12, The
WINAND STARING CENTRE, Wageningen, The Netherlands