6 Precipitation
131
Martin, D. W., B.B. Hinton and B.A. Auvine. (1993). Three years of rainfall over the Indian Ocean.
Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 74, No.4, 581-590
Mason, B.1. (1970). Future developments in meteorology: an outlook to the year 2000. Quart. J.R.
Met. Soc., 96, No 409,349-368
McCormich, G.C. and Hendry, A. (1972). Results of precipitation back-scatter measurements at 1.8cm
with a polarisation diversity radar. Preprints 15th Radar Met. Conf., AMS, Boston, 35-38
McCormich, G.C. and Hendry, A. (1975) Principles for the radar determination of the polarisation
properties of precipitation. Radio Science, ]0,421-434
Meneghini, R., Echerman, J. and Atlas, D. (1983) Determination ofrain rate from space borne radar
using measurements of total attenuation. IEEE Trans. Geoscience Remote Sensing, GE-21, 34-43
Molders, N. and Raabe, A. (1997) Testing the effect of a two-way-coupling of a meteorological and
a hydrologic model on the predicted local weather. Atmos. Res., 45, 81-107
Morrissey, M.L. (1994). The effect of data resolution on the area threshold method. J. App. Met., 33,
1263-1270
Richards, F. and Arkin, P.A. (1981). On the relationships between satellite observed cloud cover and
preciptiation. Man. Wea. Rev., ]09, 1081-1093
Rosenfeld, D. and Gutman, G. (1994). Retrieving microphysical properties near the tops of potential
rainclouds by multispectral analysis of A VHRR data. J. Atmos. Res., 34, 259-283
Rosenfeld, D. and Collier, C.G. (1998). Estimating surface precipitation. Chapter 4.1 in GEWEX,
pub\. Cambridge Univ. Press, editor K.A. Browning and R.J. Gurney, 124-133
Rosenfeld, D., Atlas, D., Wolff, D.B. and Amitai, E. (1994). The window probability matching
method for rainfall measurements with radar. J. App. Met, 33, 682-693
Rosenfield, D., Wolff, D.B., Atlas, D. (1993). General probability-matched relations between radar
reflectivity and rain rate. J. App. Met, 32, 50-72
Rosenfield, D., Amitai, E. and Wolff, D.B. (1995a) Classification of rain regimes by the tbreedimensional properties of reflectivity fields. J. App. Met., 34, 198-211
Rosenfield, D., Amitai, E. and Wolff, D.B. (I 995b) Improved accuracy of radar WPMM estimated
rainfall upon application of objective classification criteria. J. App. Met., 34, 212-223
Schwartz, M.1., Barrett, J.W., Fieguth, P.W., Rosenkraz, P.W., Spina, M.S. and Staelin, D.H. (1996).
Observations of thermal and precipitation structures iii a Tropical Cyclone by means of passive
microwave imagery near 118 Ghz. J. App. Met, 35,671-678
Scofield, R.A. (1984). A satellite-based estimate of heavy precipitation. In: Recent Advances in Civil
Space Remote Sensing, SPIE Publication No. 481, 84-92
Seed, A. W. and Austin, G.L. (1990). Variability of summer Florida rainfall and its significance for
the estimation of rainfall by gauges, radar and satellite. J. Geophys, Res., 95, D3, 2207-2215
Sekhon, R.S. and Srivastava, R.C. (1970) Snow size spectra and radar reflectivity. J. Atm. SCi, 27,
229-267
Seliga, T.A. and Bringi, V.N. (1976). Potential use for radar differential reflectivity measurements at
orthogonal polarization for measuring precipitation. J. App. Met, ]5, 69-95
Smith, C.S. (1986). The reduction of errors caused by bright-bands in quantitative rainfall measurement made using radar. J. Atm. Ocean. Tech, 3, 129-141
Smith, P.L. (1984). Equivalent radar reflectivity factors for snow and ice particles. J. Climate App.
Met., 23, No.8, 1258-1260
Spencer, R.W. (1986) A satellite passive 37 Ghz scattering based method for measuring oceanic rain
rates. J. Climate App. Met., 25, 754-766
Spencer, R.W., Goodman, H.M. and Hood, R.E. (1989). Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean
with the SSM!I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal. J. Atm. Ocean. Tech.,
6,254-273
Spencer, R.W., Hood, R.E., La Fontiane, F.1., Smith, E.A., Platt, R., Galliano, J., Griffin, V.L. and
LobI, E. (1994). High-resolution imaging of rain systems with the advanced microwave precipitation radiometer. J. Atm. Ocean Tech., ]],849-857
Stout, J.E., Martin, D.W. and Sikdar, D.N. (1979). Estimating GATE rainfall with gesynchronous
satellite images. Mon. Wea. Rev. ]07, 585-598
131
Martin, D. W., B.B. Hinton and B.A. Auvine. (1993). Three years of rainfall over the Indian Ocean.
Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 74, No.4, 581-590
Mason, B.1. (1970). Future developments in meteorology: an outlook to the year 2000. Quart. J.R.
Met. Soc., 96, No 409,349-368
McCormich, G.C. and Hendry, A. (1972). Results of precipitation back-scatter measurements at 1.8cm
with a polarisation diversity radar. Preprints 15th Radar Met. Conf., AMS, Boston, 35-38
McCormich, G.C. and Hendry, A. (1975) Principles for the radar determination of the polarisation
properties of precipitation. Radio Science, ]0,421-434
Meneghini, R., Echerman, J. and Atlas, D. (1983) Determination ofrain rate from space borne radar
using measurements of total attenuation. IEEE Trans. Geoscience Remote Sensing, GE-21, 34-43
Molders, N. and Raabe, A. (1997) Testing the effect of a two-way-coupling of a meteorological and
a hydrologic model on the predicted local weather. Atmos. Res., 45, 81-107
Morrissey, M.L. (1994). The effect of data resolution on the area threshold method. J. App. Met., 33,
1263-1270
Richards, F. and Arkin, P.A. (1981). On the relationships between satellite observed cloud cover and
preciptiation. Man. Wea. Rev., ]09, 1081-1093
Rosenfeld, D. and Gutman, G. (1994). Retrieving microphysical properties near the tops of potential
rainclouds by multispectral analysis of A VHRR data. J. Atmos. Res., 34, 259-283
Rosenfeld, D. and Collier, C.G. (1998). Estimating surface precipitation. Chapter 4.1 in GEWEX,
pub\. Cambridge Univ. Press, editor K.A. Browning and R.J. Gurney, 124-133
Rosenfeld, D., Atlas, D., Wolff, D.B. and Amitai, E. (1994). The window probability matching
method for rainfall measurements with radar. J. App. Met, 33, 682-693
Rosenfield, D., Wolff, D.B., Atlas, D. (1993). General probability-matched relations between radar
reflectivity and rain rate. J. App. Met, 32, 50-72
Rosenfield, D., Amitai, E. and Wolff, D.B. (1995a) Classification of rain regimes by the tbreedimensional properties of reflectivity fields. J. App. Met., 34, 198-211
Rosenfield, D., Amitai, E. and Wolff, D.B. (I 995b) Improved accuracy of radar WPMM estimated
rainfall upon application of objective classification criteria. J. App. Met., 34, 212-223
Schwartz, M.1., Barrett, J.W., Fieguth, P.W., Rosenkraz, P.W., Spina, M.S. and Staelin, D.H. (1996).
Observations of thermal and precipitation structures iii a Tropical Cyclone by means of passive
microwave imagery near 118 Ghz. J. App. Met, 35,671-678
Scofield, R.A. (1984). A satellite-based estimate of heavy precipitation. In: Recent Advances in Civil
Space Remote Sensing, SPIE Publication No. 481, 84-92
Seed, A. W. and Austin, G.L. (1990). Variability of summer Florida rainfall and its significance for
the estimation of rainfall by gauges, radar and satellite. J. Geophys, Res., 95, D3, 2207-2215
Sekhon, R.S. and Srivastava, R.C. (1970) Snow size spectra and radar reflectivity. J. Atm. SCi, 27,
229-267
Seliga, T.A. and Bringi, V.N. (1976). Potential use for radar differential reflectivity measurements at
orthogonal polarization for measuring precipitation. J. App. Met, ]5, 69-95
Smith, C.S. (1986). The reduction of errors caused by bright-bands in quantitative rainfall measurement made using radar. J. Atm. Ocean. Tech, 3, 129-141
Smith, P.L. (1984). Equivalent radar reflectivity factors for snow and ice particles. J. Climate App.
Met., 23, No.8, 1258-1260
Spencer, R.W. (1986) A satellite passive 37 Ghz scattering based method for measuring oceanic rain
rates. J. Climate App. Met., 25, 754-766
Spencer, R.W., Goodman, H.M. and Hood, R.E. (1989). Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean
with the SSM!I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal. J. Atm. Ocean. Tech.,
6,254-273
Spencer, R.W., Hood, R.E., La Fontiane, F.1., Smith, E.A., Platt, R., Galliano, J., Griffin, V.L. and
LobI, E. (1994). High-resolution imaging of rain systems with the advanced microwave precipitation radiometer. J. Atm. Ocean Tech., ]],849-857
Stout, J.E., Martin, D.W. and Sikdar, D.N. (1979). Estimating GATE rainfall with gesynchronous
satellite images. Mon. Wea. Rev. ]07, 585-598