a turbulent plume/jet in the pycnocline. Transition from two-layers separated by the
pycnocline to the linear stratification of the upper layer and a homogeneous lower
layer is of special interest, since in the linear stratification the generation of IW by
buoyant plumes has not been identified [1].
The origin of the vortex structures forming at the surface of the plume top and
their role in the entrainment processes has to be clarified. These vortex structures
have been mentioned by Burridge and Hunt [15] and can be seen in the instantaneous temperature visualizations of the jet top in the thermocline in [23]. These
structures can serve as an additional source of internal waves in the thin pycnoclines
providing sufficiently high buoyancy frequencies.
The further investigations of the mechanisms of plume oscillations are needed,
since linear stability analysis is not fully justified for a turbulent flow. Application
of the modern numerical techniques to the vertical turbulent jets and plumes in a
stratified fluid could provide a deeper insight in the structure of the flows and
confirm/discard the present conclusions pertaining self-sustained oscillations.
Acknowlgedments This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(projects 18-05-00292, 16-55-52022 MHT-a, 17-05-41117 RGS) and the Ministry of Education
and Science of the Russian Federation (project RFMEFI57716X0234).
Numerical code development and numerical modeling were supported by the Russian Science
Foundation (№ 15-17-20009). The basic salary of the IAP RAS authors was obtained from FASO
(project № 0035-2014-0032).
References
1. Ansong, J. K., & Sutherland, B. R. (2010). Internal gravity waves generated by convective
plumes. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 648, 405–434.
2. Arabadzhi, V. V, Bogatyrev, S. D., Bakhanov, V. V. et al. (1999). Laboratory modeling of
hydrophysical processes in the upper ocean layer (the large thermostratified tank, Institute of
Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences). In V. I. Talanov, & E. N. Pelinovskii (Eds.),
Near-surface ocean layer. physical processes of remote probing, (Vol. 2, pp. 231–251) (in
Russian).
3. Bondur, V. G. (2005). Complex satellite monitoring of coastal water areas. In 31st
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE.
4. Bondur V. G. (2011). Satellite monitoring and mathematical modelling of deep runoff
turbulent jets in coastal water areas. Waste Water-Evaluation and Management (pp. 155–
180). InTech: Croatia. ISBN 978-953-307-233-3.
5. Bondur, V. G., & Grebenyuk, Y. V. (2001). Remote indication of anthropogenic impacts on
the marine environment caused by deep-water sewage discharge: Modeling and Experiment.
Issled. Zemli Kosmosa 6,, 1–19.
6. Bondur V, Tsidilina M. (2005). Features of formation of remote sensing and Sea truth
databases for the monitoring of Anthropogenic impact on ecosystems of coastal water areas.
In 31st International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE (pp. 192–195).
7. Bondur, V. G., Keeler, R., Gibson, C (2005). Optical satellite imagery detection of internal
wave effects from a submerged turbulent outfall in the stratified ocean. Geophysical Research
Letters 32, L12610. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022390.
Surface Manifestations of Internal Waves Induced …
83
pycnocline to the linear stratification of the upper layer and a homogeneous lower
layer is of special interest, since in the linear stratification the generation of IW by
buoyant plumes has not been identified [1].
The origin of the vortex structures forming at the surface of the plume top and
their role in the entrainment processes has to be clarified. These vortex structures
have been mentioned by Burridge and Hunt [15] and can be seen in the instantaneous temperature visualizations of the jet top in the thermocline in [23]. These
structures can serve as an additional source of internal waves in the thin pycnoclines
providing sufficiently high buoyancy frequencies.
The further investigations of the mechanisms of plume oscillations are needed,
since linear stability analysis is not fully justified for a turbulent flow. Application
of the modern numerical techniques to the vertical turbulent jets and plumes in a
stratified fluid could provide a deeper insight in the structure of the flows and
confirm/discard the present conclusions pertaining self-sustained oscillations.
Acknowlgedments This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(projects 18-05-00292, 16-55-52022 MHT-a, 17-05-41117 RGS) and the Ministry of Education
and Science of the Russian Federation (project RFMEFI57716X0234).
Numerical code development and numerical modeling were supported by the Russian Science
Foundation (№ 15-17-20009). The basic salary of the IAP RAS authors was obtained from FASO
(project № 0035-2014-0032).
References
1. Ansong, J. K., & Sutherland, B. R. (2010). Internal gravity waves generated by convective
plumes. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 648, 405–434.
2. Arabadzhi, V. V, Bogatyrev, S. D., Bakhanov, V. V. et al. (1999). Laboratory modeling of
hydrophysical processes in the upper ocean layer (the large thermostratified tank, Institute of
Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences). In V. I. Talanov, & E. N. Pelinovskii (Eds.),
Near-surface ocean layer. physical processes of remote probing, (Vol. 2, pp. 231–251) (in
Russian).
3. Bondur, V. G. (2005). Complex satellite monitoring of coastal water areas. In 31st
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE.
4. Bondur V. G. (2011). Satellite monitoring and mathematical modelling of deep runoff
turbulent jets in coastal water areas. Waste Water-Evaluation and Management (pp. 155–
180). InTech: Croatia. ISBN 978-953-307-233-3.
5. Bondur, V. G., & Grebenyuk, Y. V. (2001). Remote indication of anthropogenic impacts on
the marine environment caused by deep-water sewage discharge: Modeling and Experiment.
Issled. Zemli Kosmosa 6,, 1–19.
6. Bondur V, Tsidilina M. (2005). Features of formation of remote sensing and Sea truth
databases for the monitoring of Anthropogenic impact on ecosystems of coastal water areas.
In 31st International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE (pp. 192–195).
7. Bondur, V. G., Keeler, R., Gibson, C (2005). Optical satellite imagery detection of internal
wave effects from a submerged turbulent outfall in the stratified ocean. Geophysical Research
Letters 32, L12610. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022390.
Surface Manifestations of Internal Waves Induced …
83