Summary and Conclusions
Four series of internal wave measurements were carried out in April 2007, 2009,
2010, and 2012 to determine whether internal wave energy and, hence, deep-ocean
mixing has increased with the decline of the Arctic sea ice when the Russian
Table 1 Parameter r of the GM model adjusted for the recent and historical measurements of the
frequency spectra of internal waves in the Arctic (T is the water temperature, S is salinity, V is
horizontal velocity)
Number
in Fig. 2
Experiment Data
type
Duration
(days)
Instrument
depth (m)
Bottom
depth
(m)
References r (m
2
cph)
1
SPIW 2007 TS
7.9
75
4300
This
article
40
2
SPIW 2009 S
15.6
80
4300
This
article
70
3
SPIW 2010 S
5.5
80
4300
This
article
45
4
SPIW 2012 TS
11.9
75–110
4300
This
article
35
5
SPIW 1983
slope
T
5
100
450
[8]
143
6
SPIW 1983
flat bottom
T
3
100
500
[8]
5
7
SPIW 1985 T
4
80
300–
400
[3]
3 8
8
SPIW 1986 T
6
80
370–
460
[3]
140, 160
9
SPIW 1988 T
14
80
220–
550
[9]
1 5 –42
10
SPIW 1989 T
15
80
310–
450
[9]
3 –55
12
Fram -3,
1981
T
4
5 0 –160
800
[1]
4 0 –85
13
T-3 1966
T
4
60
3000
[1]
2 ,5
14
T-3 1972
V, T 70
40–60,
200–250
3500
[1]
10, 90
15
LOREX
1981
V
35
1240, 1415 1500
[1]
5 1
16
MIZEX-83 T
7
15–65
500–
1000
[1]
4 1
17
MIZEX-84 T
<1
0–100
1680–
2220
[1]
8
18
AIWEX
1985
T
15
250
3700
[1]
2 3
588
S. V. Pisarev