also influences the hydrodynamics of the ocean. The research performed by Eugene
Morozov with his colleagues in the Barents Sea showed the existence of internal
waves with extremely high amplitudes in the region, which were caused by the
interaction of the barotropic tide with the bottom topography. This was a manifestation of the specific hydrophysical peculiarity of the polar ocean region, which
does not require a steep bottom slope for the generation of strong internal tides as at
low latitudes. Another research in the Arctic seas was based both on the numerical
modeling and field data from the moorings in the Kara Gates Strait. The amplitudes
of internal tides in this strait are as high as 50 m, while the depth of the sea is only
230 m. The physical properties of internal tides in the Kara Gates Strait are similar
to the well known internal waves in the Strait of Gibraltar also analyzed by Eugene.
Our joint research on some regional problem of internal waves is only part of his
fundamental long-term research of this important oceanographic problem. I am
proud to use this opportunity and report of my participation in this scientific
research together with Eugene. His personal contribution to the solution of the
problem of internal tide generation is recognized in the world community of
oceanographers. He was the first to show that the main cause of the generation of
internal tides is the interaction between the currents of the barotropic tide and
bottom topography, which are the regions of the major dissipation of the barotropic
tide energy. He is close to the implementation of his long wish to publish a
monograph on his researches of internal tides. In the end of 2017, he is planning to
submit a manuscript of the book to the Springer publishers. Knowing his carefulness and professionalism I think that this monograph would become quite useful to
the oceanographers, especially to those who study waves in the ocean.
Without doubts I agreed to the suggestion of Eugene to consult the analysis of
new oceanographic data in the Southern Ocean and propagation of Antarctic
Bottom Water. Fortunately, my scientific background included the knowledge of
the processes around Antarctica, which I gathered during the Russian Antarctic
expeditions in the 1950–1970s. In 2006, we published a paper together with Eugene
on the spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water in the equatorial Romanche Fracture
Zone. One of the deepest depressions of the Atlantic Ocean exceeding 7400 m is
located in this region. We tested a hypothesis how Antarctic Bottom Water formed
in the Weddell Sea conserves the climatic signal of the surface waters after propagating a distance over 10,000 km. In 1967, during the first cruise of the RV
“Akademik Kurchatov”, I participated in the hydrophysical measurements in the
Romanche Fracture Zone. Almost in 40 years after this cruise, in 2005 in cruise 19
of the R/V “Akademik Ioffe” Eugene carried out similar measurements on a new
level. After we analyzed these observations including the historical data of six other
expeditions, in which the instruments were lowered in the Romanche Fracture Zone
from 1948 to 1972, we found that the climate signal exists in the deep waters as a
positive temperature trend in the thermal structure of Antarctic Bottom Water. The
trend was not high, only a mere thousand fraction of Celsius degree per year.
Certainly, it would be very exciting to attribute the deep water temperature trend to
the recent global climate change. However, currently we do not even try to speculate on this theme understanding that such an approach needs much more
16
V. G. Neiman
Morozov with his colleagues in the Barents Sea showed the existence of internal
waves with extremely high amplitudes in the region, which were caused by the
interaction of the barotropic tide with the bottom topography. This was a manifestation of the specific hydrophysical peculiarity of the polar ocean region, which
does not require a steep bottom slope for the generation of strong internal tides as at
low latitudes. Another research in the Arctic seas was based both on the numerical
modeling and field data from the moorings in the Kara Gates Strait. The amplitudes
of internal tides in this strait are as high as 50 m, while the depth of the sea is only
230 m. The physical properties of internal tides in the Kara Gates Strait are similar
to the well known internal waves in the Strait of Gibraltar also analyzed by Eugene.
Our joint research on some regional problem of internal waves is only part of his
fundamental long-term research of this important oceanographic problem. I am
proud to use this opportunity and report of my participation in this scientific
research together with Eugene. His personal contribution to the solution of the
problem of internal tide generation is recognized in the world community of
oceanographers. He was the first to show that the main cause of the generation of
internal tides is the interaction between the currents of the barotropic tide and
bottom topography, which are the regions of the major dissipation of the barotropic
tide energy. He is close to the implementation of his long wish to publish a
monograph on his researches of internal tides. In the end of 2017, he is planning to
submit a manuscript of the book to the Springer publishers. Knowing his carefulness and professionalism I think that this monograph would become quite useful to
the oceanographers, especially to those who study waves in the ocean.
Without doubts I agreed to the suggestion of Eugene to consult the analysis of
new oceanographic data in the Southern Ocean and propagation of Antarctic
Bottom Water. Fortunately, my scientific background included the knowledge of
the processes around Antarctica, which I gathered during the Russian Antarctic
expeditions in the 1950–1970s. In 2006, we published a paper together with Eugene
on the spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water in the equatorial Romanche Fracture
Zone. One of the deepest depressions of the Atlantic Ocean exceeding 7400 m is
located in this region. We tested a hypothesis how Antarctic Bottom Water formed
in the Weddell Sea conserves the climatic signal of the surface waters after propagating a distance over 10,000 km. In 1967, during the first cruise of the RV
“Akademik Kurchatov”, I participated in the hydrophysical measurements in the
Romanche Fracture Zone. Almost in 40 years after this cruise, in 2005 in cruise 19
of the R/V “Akademik Ioffe” Eugene carried out similar measurements on a new
level. After we analyzed these observations including the historical data of six other
expeditions, in which the instruments were lowered in the Romanche Fracture Zone
from 1948 to 1972, we found that the climate signal exists in the deep waters as a
positive temperature trend in the thermal structure of Antarctic Bottom Water. The
trend was not high, only a mere thousand fraction of Celsius degree per year.
Certainly, it would be very exciting to attribute the deep water temperature trend to
the recent global climate change. However, currently we do not even try to speculate on this theme understanding that such an approach needs much more
16
V. G. Neiman