Chapter 2: SEA SURFACE MICROLAYER
turbulence created by breaking waves at winds exceeding 10-15 m s
-1
disperses them (Zaitsev, 1971).
2.1.5 Surfactants and surface films
Following Liss and Duce (1997), here we use the following terminology:
A film refers to surfactant-influenced surface and a slick refers to a visibly
surfactant-influenced surface.
Sea surface films are derived from multiple, sea and land based sources,
including bulk seawater dissolved organic matter, terrestrial sources (natural
and anthropogenic), and from petroleum seeps and spills (Liss et al., 1997).
Surface films dissipate due to loss of material at the surface, including
75
Figure 2-4. Conceptual model of the sea surface microlayer ecosystem. M/W = typical
microlayer to water concentration ratios based on a number of studies. Reproduced from
Hardy (1982) by permission of Elsevier from Progr. Oceanogr. V 11 © 1982.
turbulence created by breaking waves at winds exceeding 10-15 m s
-1
disperses them (Zaitsev, 1971).
2.1.5 Surfactants and surface films
Following Liss and Duce (1997), here we use the following terminology:
A film refers to surfactant-influenced surface and a slick refers to a visibly
surfactant-influenced surface.
Sea surface films are derived from multiple, sea and land based sources,
including bulk seawater dissolved organic matter, terrestrial sources (natural
and anthropogenic), and from petroleum seeps and spills (Liss et al., 1997).
Surface films dissipate due to loss of material at the surface, including
75
Figure 2-4. Conceptual model of the sea surface microlayer ecosystem. M/W = typical
microlayer to water concentration ratios based on a number of studies. Reproduced from
Hardy (1982) by permission of Elsevier from Progr. Oceanogr. V 11 © 1982.