THE NEAR-SURFACE LAYER OF THE OCEAN
3/2
1/ 3
3
0
4
3 1
exp
at
0.6
3.78
2
1
exp
0.22 1 0.66
0.6
at
0.6
S
S
S
wv
S
S
S
S
S
z
z
H
H
z
H
F
z
z
H
H
H
z
z
H
H
J
J
H
J
J
­ ª
º
§
·
§
·
° «
»
¨
¸
¨
¸
° «
»
¨
¸
¨
¸
°
©
¹
©
¹
«
»
d
° «
»
ª
º
§
·
§
·
° «
»
®
«
»
¨
¸
¨
¸
«
»
¨
¸
¨
¸
°
«
»
©
¹
©
¹
«
»
¬
¼
¬
¼
°
°
ª
º
§
·
°
!
«
»
¨
¸
¨
¸
°
«
»
©
¹
¬
¼
¯
(3.81)
where
1/ 2
0
48
J
E .
194
Figure 3-19. Normalized dissipation rate HH s /F 0 versus dimensionless depth |z|/H s according to
field (open ocean) and theoretical results. Here: H is the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic
energy, F 0 the flux of the kinetic energy from wind to waves, and H s the significant wave height.
Wind speed range is from 7 m s
-1 to 19 m s
-1 . The Craig and Banner (1994) model is calculated
with surface roughness from waterside parameterized as z 0 = 0.6 H s ; the Benilov and Ly (2002)
model is for H w-s /H s = 0.4, where H w-s is the effective depth of the wave-stirred layer.