Rapid Assessment of the Coastal Ocean Environment
225
impact the efficiency and effectiveness of REA substantially (Robinson and Glenn,
1999).
11.7.3 Data fusion and communication
For successful cooperative adaptive sampling it is necessary that modelers are
prepared to timely articulate their preferences for the next sampling locations and
data types, and that reliable communication channels exist between modelers, survey planners and data providers. In a small experiment, when cmise management,
data acquisition and processing, and ocean modeling is united on a single research
ship, timely communication is purely a problem of persons working together. In a
bigger scenario with several ships, aircraft and land based laboratories, technical
installations for communication require major attention. Traditional ship to ship
and ship to shore communication is at the best appropriate for short conversations.
For data transfer from ships, high bandwidth satellite communication is preferable.
Near to shore also cellular telephones with digital data capability are appropriate,
since in most cases a data rate close to ten thousand bit per second will suffice.
Data at high rates can be exchanged between ships or with a land station in sight
(15 km) using modem off the shelf spread spectrum radios. They are not standard
on ships. Their installation requires a few months preparation time. Standard data
transfer protocols are adapted from local area networks. Connections via spread
spectrum radio can be virtually transparent for the user, whose computer becomes
part of a larger network spread over several platforms.
an land it can be presumed that everybody involved in an REA operation possesses a connection to the Internet and the appropriate technology. Internet standard is appropriate for data exchange even if the data must not be shared with the
public. Access control and encryption are in place that would keep unwanted recipients out. REA operations take advantage of the three main services on the Internet.
Electronic mail is used for coordination, file transfer for data delivery and the web
for distribution of results.
Relevant information for REA consists of databases, archived and actual data,
that are likely spread over several agencies and data providers. To make the information usable for the development of derived products, format conversions and
data transformations must be carried out for older data. For the expected real-time
data, administration programs must be in place prior to the exercise. Paper products
are a challenge for appropriate handling and therefore sometimes ignored. Fast
delivery and processing requires information in electronic format.
Once the existing data have been determined, everything needed for forecasting
is gathered by modelers. Entire databases need not, and the responsibility for data
bases should not be transferred to the groups that perform the modeling. In the web
structure of the Internet, data can be shared when they reside at different places.
For atmospheric forcing fields, doubtlessly the atmospheric center takes responsibility for data presentation and administration. AIso the responsibility for oceanographic input data should be with the organization that is closest to the originators.
225
impact the efficiency and effectiveness of REA substantially (Robinson and Glenn,
1999).
11.7.3 Data fusion and communication
For successful cooperative adaptive sampling it is necessary that modelers are
prepared to timely articulate their preferences for the next sampling locations and
data types, and that reliable communication channels exist between modelers, survey planners and data providers. In a small experiment, when cmise management,
data acquisition and processing, and ocean modeling is united on a single research
ship, timely communication is purely a problem of persons working together. In a
bigger scenario with several ships, aircraft and land based laboratories, technical
installations for communication require major attention. Traditional ship to ship
and ship to shore communication is at the best appropriate for short conversations.
For data transfer from ships, high bandwidth satellite communication is preferable.
Near to shore also cellular telephones with digital data capability are appropriate,
since in most cases a data rate close to ten thousand bit per second will suffice.
Data at high rates can be exchanged between ships or with a land station in sight
(15 km) using modem off the shelf spread spectrum radios. They are not standard
on ships. Their installation requires a few months preparation time. Standard data
transfer protocols are adapted from local area networks. Connections via spread
spectrum radio can be virtually transparent for the user, whose computer becomes
part of a larger network spread over several platforms.
an land it can be presumed that everybody involved in an REA operation possesses a connection to the Internet and the appropriate technology. Internet standard is appropriate for data exchange even if the data must not be shared with the
public. Access control and encryption are in place that would keep unwanted recipients out. REA operations take advantage of the three main services on the Internet.
Electronic mail is used for coordination, file transfer for data delivery and the web
for distribution of results.
Relevant information for REA consists of databases, archived and actual data,
that are likely spread over several agencies and data providers. To make the information usable for the development of derived products, format conversions and
data transformations must be carried out for older data. For the expected real-time
data, administration programs must be in place prior to the exercise. Paper products
are a challenge for appropriate handling and therefore sometimes ignored. Fast
delivery and processing requires information in electronic format.
Once the existing data have been determined, everything needed for forecasting
is gathered by modelers. Entire databases need not, and the responsibility for data
bases should not be transferred to the groups that perform the modeling. In the web
structure of the Internet, data can be shared when they reside at different places.
For atmospheric forcing fields, doubtlessly the atmospheric center takes responsibility for data presentation and administration. AIso the responsibility for oceanographic input data should be with the organization that is closest to the originators.