References
449
terms of the properties of the source waters of the abyss but depends instead on
the vorticity dynamics of the interior where the motion is driven by the
upwelling in the interior and the density anomaly on the eastern boundary.
References
Edwards, C. A. and Pedlosky J., 1995: The influence of distributed sources and upwelling on the
baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation. J. Phys. Ocean., 25, 2259-2284.
Friedrichs, M.A.M., and Hall M.M., 1993: Deep circulation in the tropical North Atlantic. J. Mar.
Res., 51, 697-736.
Godfrey, J.S., 1989: A Sverdrup model of the depth-integrated flow for the world ocean allowing
for island circulations. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 45, 89-112.
Gregg, M.C. and Sanford T.B., 1988: The dependence of turbulent dissipation on stratification in a
diffusively stable thermocline. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 12,381-12,392.
Kawase, M., 1987: Establishment of deep ocean circulation driven by deep-water production. J.
Phys. Ocean., 17,2294-2317.
Kawase, M., 1993. Topographic effects on the bottom water circulation of the western tropical
North Atlantic ocean. Deep- Sea Res., 40, 1259-1283.
Kawase, M., and Straub D., 1991: Spinup of source-driven circulation in an abyssal basin in the
presence of bottom topography. J. Phys. Ocean., 21, 1501-1514.
Kuo, H.-H. and Veronis G., 1970: Distribution of tracers in the deep oceans of the world. Deep Sea
Res., 17, 29-46.
Ledwell, J.R., Watson A.J. and Law C.S., 1993: Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline
from an open-ocean tracer release experiment. Nature, (Letters), 364, 701-703.
Levitus, S. 1982: Climatological atlas of the world ocean. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp 173.
McCartney, M.S. and Talley L.D., 1984: Warm - to - cold conversion in the northern North
Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Ocean., 14, 922-935.
McCartney, M.S., Bennett S.L., and Woodgate-Jones M.E., 1991: Eastward flow through the MidAtlantic Ridge at 11° Nand its influence on the abyss of the eastern basin. J. Phys. Ocean.,
21, 1089-1121.
Osborn, T.R., 1980: Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements.
J. Phys. Ocean., 10, 83-89.
Pedlosky, J., 1987: Thermocline theories. In: General Circulation of the Ocean, Eds. Abarbanel
H.D.I. and Young WR., Springer- ferlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 55-101.
Pedlosky, J., 1992: The baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation. J. Phys. Ocean., 22, 652--659.
Pedlosky, J., 1994a: Stratified abyssal flow in the presence of fractured ridges. J. Phys. Ocean ., 24,
403-417.
Pedlosky, J., 1994b: Ridges and recirculations- gaps and jets. J. Phys. Ocean., 24,2703-2707.
Pedlosky, J., and Chapman D.C., 1993: Baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation and the role
of meridional topography. J. Phys. Ocean., 23, 979-991.
Pickard, G.L. and Emery W.J., 1982: Descriptive physical oceanography. Pergamon Press, Oxford,
pp 249.
Price, J.F. and Barringer M.O., 1994, Outflows and deep water production by marginal seas. Prog.
in Ocean., 33, 161-200.
Stommel, H., 1958: The abyssal circulation. Deep Sea Res. (Letters), 5, 80-82.
Stommel, H., and Arons A.B., 1960a: On the abyssal circulation of the world ocean. I. Stationary
planetary flow patterns on a sphere. Deep Sea Res., 6, 140-154.
Stommel, H., and Arons A.B., 1960b: On the abyssal circulation of the world ocean. II. An
idealized model of the circulation pattern and amplitude in oceanic basins. Deep- Sea Res., 6,
217-233.
449
terms of the properties of the source waters of the abyss but depends instead on
the vorticity dynamics of the interior where the motion is driven by the
upwelling in the interior and the density anomaly on the eastern boundary.
References
Edwards, C. A. and Pedlosky J., 1995: The influence of distributed sources and upwelling on the
baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation. J. Phys. Ocean., 25, 2259-2284.
Friedrichs, M.A.M., and Hall M.M., 1993: Deep circulation in the tropical North Atlantic. J. Mar.
Res., 51, 697-736.
Godfrey, J.S., 1989: A Sverdrup model of the depth-integrated flow for the world ocean allowing
for island circulations. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 45, 89-112.
Gregg, M.C. and Sanford T.B., 1988: The dependence of turbulent dissipation on stratification in a
diffusively stable thermocline. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 12,381-12,392.
Kawase, M., 1987: Establishment of deep ocean circulation driven by deep-water production. J.
Phys. Ocean., 17,2294-2317.
Kawase, M., 1993. Topographic effects on the bottom water circulation of the western tropical
North Atlantic ocean. Deep- Sea Res., 40, 1259-1283.
Kawase, M., and Straub D., 1991: Spinup of source-driven circulation in an abyssal basin in the
presence of bottom topography. J. Phys. Ocean., 21, 1501-1514.
Kuo, H.-H. and Veronis G., 1970: Distribution of tracers in the deep oceans of the world. Deep Sea
Res., 17, 29-46.
Ledwell, J.R., Watson A.J. and Law C.S., 1993: Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline
from an open-ocean tracer release experiment. Nature, (Letters), 364, 701-703.
Levitus, S. 1982: Climatological atlas of the world ocean. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp 173.
McCartney, M.S. and Talley L.D., 1984: Warm - to - cold conversion in the northern North
Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Ocean., 14, 922-935.
McCartney, M.S., Bennett S.L., and Woodgate-Jones M.E., 1991: Eastward flow through the MidAtlantic Ridge at 11° Nand its influence on the abyss of the eastern basin. J. Phys. Ocean.,
21, 1089-1121.
Osborn, T.R., 1980: Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements.
J. Phys. Ocean., 10, 83-89.
Pedlosky, J., 1987: Thermocline theories. In: General Circulation of the Ocean, Eds. Abarbanel
H.D.I. and Young WR., Springer- ferlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 55-101.
Pedlosky, J., 1992: The baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation. J. Phys. Ocean., 22, 652--659.
Pedlosky, J., 1994a: Stratified abyssal flow in the presence of fractured ridges. J. Phys. Ocean ., 24,
403-417.
Pedlosky, J., 1994b: Ridges and recirculations- gaps and jets. J. Phys. Ocean., 24,2703-2707.
Pedlosky, J., and Chapman D.C., 1993: Baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation and the role
of meridional topography. J. Phys. Ocean., 23, 979-991.
Pickard, G.L. and Emery W.J., 1982: Descriptive physical oceanography. Pergamon Press, Oxford,
pp 249.
Price, J.F. and Barringer M.O., 1994, Outflows and deep water production by marginal seas. Prog.
in Ocean., 33, 161-200.
Stommel, H., 1958: The abyssal circulation. Deep Sea Res. (Letters), 5, 80-82.
Stommel, H., and Arons A.B., 1960a: On the abyssal circulation of the world ocean. I. Stationary
planetary flow patterns on a sphere. Deep Sea Res., 6, 140-154.
Stommel, H., and Arons A.B., 1960b: On the abyssal circulation of the world ocean. II. An
idealized model of the circulation pattern and amplitude in oceanic basins. Deep- Sea Res., 6,
217-233.