154
Vertical Structure: Baroclinic Quasi-Geostrophic Models
streamfunction at surface
x/xe
1.0 ,.------r---,--------,-----,----,-----,-----.--------r-----.--r--.1
0.8
i
0.6
y/L
0.4
0.2
+
+
+
+
i
:t
t
+
.t
:t
..... !
b 0 L-._.___,_---,-L,-----'----:-'--:---'----::-'-=----'------=''"=-----'--.-::'
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
stream function at z~ 1 x/xe
Fig. 3.10.5a-c. Streamline pattern in the horizontal plane for the quasi-geostrophic model driven
by the Ekman pumping wE= -W0 sin(rry/L), for three selected depths. a The flow at the surface
b The flow at one scale depth d below the surface. c The flow at 2 scale depths below the surface
boundaries of the basin where D has a weak singularity. Atx = Xe, for example,
D goes as (xe -x)'/ 3 and thus has an (integrable) singularity in its first
derivative.
At each level in z the circulation is limited to the bowl and appears as a
sequence ofrecirculations similar to the layer model shown in Fig. 3.9.2. Now