Modeling Ocean Circulation
43
Crowley, P., 1968. A global numerical ocean model: Part I. J. Comp. of Phys., 3, 111–147
Gent, P. R., and J. C. McWilliams, 1990. Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
20, 150–155.
Gill, A. E., and K. Bryan, 1971. Effects of geometry on the circulation of a three-dimensional southern
hemisphere ocean model. Deep-Sea Res. 18, 685–721.
Griffies, S. M., 2004. Fundamentals of Ocean Climate Models. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ,
518 pp.
Griffies, S. M., A. Gnanadesikan, R. C. Pacanowski, V. Larichev, J. K. Dukowicz, and R. D. Smith, 1998.
Isoneutral diffusion in a z-coordinate ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28, 805–830.
Griffies, S. M., C. Boning, F. O. Bryan, E. P. Chassignet, R. Gerdes, H. Hasumi, A. Hirst, A.-M. Treguier,
and D. Webb, 2000. Developments in ocean climate modeling. Ocean Modelling 2, 123–192.
Hellerman, S., and M. Rosenstein, 1983. Normal monthly stress over the world ocean with error estimates.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 13, 1093–1104.
Hibler, W. D., III, and K. Bryan, 1984. Ocean circulation: Its effect on seasonal sea-ice simulations, Science
224, 489–492
Holland, W. R., and L. B. Lin, 1975. On the origin of mesoscale eddies and their contribution to the general
circulation of the ocean. I. A preliminary numerical experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 5, 642–657
Holland, W. R., and J. C. McWilliams, 1987. Computer modeling in physical oceanography from the global
circulation to turbulence. Phys. Today 40, 51–57.
Levitus, S., 1982. Climatological atlas of the world ocean. NOAA Prof. Pap. 13, 173 pp. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Manabe, S., and K. Bryan, 1969. Climate calculations with a combined ocean–atmosphere model. J. Atmos.
Sci. 26, 786–789.
Manabe, S., and K. Bryan, 1985. CO 2 -induced change in a coupled ocean–atmosphere model and its
paleoclimatic implications. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 11,689–11,707.
Manabe, S., R. J. Stouffer, M. J. Spelman, and K. Bryan, 1991. Transient responses of a coupled ocean–
atmosphere model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO 2 , Part I: Annual mean response. J. Climate
4, 785–818.
NAS, 1975. Proceedings of Symposium of Numerical Models of Ocean Circulation, Durham, NH.
OSC/OAB, National Academy of Sciences.
Pacanowski, R. C., K. Dixon, and A. Rosati, 1991. The GFDL modular ocean model user guide, The GFDL
Ocean Group Technical Report No. 2, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ.
Philander, S. G., 1990. El Nino, La Nina, and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, San Diego,
293 pp.
Redi, M. H., 1982. Oceanic isopycnal mixing by coordinate rotation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 12, 1154–1158.
Richardson, L. F., 1922. Weather prediction by numerical process. Cambridge University Press, London.
Reprint, 1965 (With an introduction by Sydney Chapman). New York: Dover Publications.
Robinson, A. R., D. E. Harrison, Y. Mintz and A. J. Semtner, 1977. Eddies and the general circulation of an
idealized oceanic gyre: A wind and thermally driven primitive equation numerical experiment.—2.
Ocean eddies. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 7, 182–207.
Sarmiento, J. L., 1983. A simulation of bomb tritium entry into the Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr 13,
1924–1939.
Semtner, A. J., Jr., 1974. An oceanic general circulation model with bottom topography. In: Numerical
Simulation of Weather and Climate, Tech. Rep. No. 9, UCLA Department of Meteorology.
Semtner, A. J., and R. M. Chervin, 1992. Ocean general circulation from a global eddy-resolving ocean
model. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 5493–5550.
Semtner, A. J. and Y. Mintz, 1977. Numerical simulation of the Gulf Stream and mid-ocean eddies. J.
Phys. Oceanogr. 7, 208–230.
Smith, R. D., M. E. Maltrud, F. O. Bryan, and M. W. Hecht, 2000. Numerical simulation of the North
Atlantic Ocean at 1/10 degree. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 1532–1561.
43
Crowley, P., 1968. A global numerical ocean model: Part I. J. Comp. of Phys., 3, 111–147
Gent, P. R., and J. C. McWilliams, 1990. Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
20, 150–155.
Gill, A. E., and K. Bryan, 1971. Effects of geometry on the circulation of a three-dimensional southern
hemisphere ocean model. Deep-Sea Res. 18, 685–721.
Griffies, S. M., 2004. Fundamentals of Ocean Climate Models. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ,
518 pp.
Griffies, S. M., A. Gnanadesikan, R. C. Pacanowski, V. Larichev, J. K. Dukowicz, and R. D. Smith, 1998.
Isoneutral diffusion in a z-coordinate ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28, 805–830.
Griffies, S. M., C. Boning, F. O. Bryan, E. P. Chassignet, R. Gerdes, H. Hasumi, A. Hirst, A.-M. Treguier,
and D. Webb, 2000. Developments in ocean climate modeling. Ocean Modelling 2, 123–192.
Hellerman, S., and M. Rosenstein, 1983. Normal monthly stress over the world ocean with error estimates.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 13, 1093–1104.
Hibler, W. D., III, and K. Bryan, 1984. Ocean circulation: Its effect on seasonal sea-ice simulations, Science
224, 489–492
Holland, W. R., and L. B. Lin, 1975. On the origin of mesoscale eddies and their contribution to the general
circulation of the ocean. I. A preliminary numerical experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 5, 642–657
Holland, W. R., and J. C. McWilliams, 1987. Computer modeling in physical oceanography from the global
circulation to turbulence. Phys. Today 40, 51–57.
Levitus, S., 1982. Climatological atlas of the world ocean. NOAA Prof. Pap. 13, 173 pp. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Manabe, S., and K. Bryan, 1969. Climate calculations with a combined ocean–atmosphere model. J. Atmos.
Sci. 26, 786–789.
Manabe, S., and K. Bryan, 1985. CO 2 -induced change in a coupled ocean–atmosphere model and its
paleoclimatic implications. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 11,689–11,707.
Manabe, S., R. J. Stouffer, M. J. Spelman, and K. Bryan, 1991. Transient responses of a coupled ocean–
atmosphere model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO 2 , Part I: Annual mean response. J. Climate
4, 785–818.
NAS, 1975. Proceedings of Symposium of Numerical Models of Ocean Circulation, Durham, NH.
OSC/OAB, National Academy of Sciences.
Pacanowski, R. C., K. Dixon, and A. Rosati, 1991. The GFDL modular ocean model user guide, The GFDL
Ocean Group Technical Report No. 2, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ.
Philander, S. G., 1990. El Nino, La Nina, and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, San Diego,
293 pp.
Redi, M. H., 1982. Oceanic isopycnal mixing by coordinate rotation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 12, 1154–1158.
Richardson, L. F., 1922. Weather prediction by numerical process. Cambridge University Press, London.
Reprint, 1965 (With an introduction by Sydney Chapman). New York: Dover Publications.
Robinson, A. R., D. E. Harrison, Y. Mintz and A. J. Semtner, 1977. Eddies and the general circulation of an
idealized oceanic gyre: A wind and thermally driven primitive equation numerical experiment.—2.
Ocean eddies. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 7, 182–207.
Sarmiento, J. L., 1983. A simulation of bomb tritium entry into the Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr 13,
1924–1939.
Semtner, A. J., Jr., 1974. An oceanic general circulation model with bottom topography. In: Numerical
Simulation of Weather and Climate, Tech. Rep. No. 9, UCLA Department of Meteorology.
Semtner, A. J., and R. M. Chervin, 1992. Ocean general circulation from a global eddy-resolving ocean
model. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 5493–5550.
Semtner, A. J. and Y. Mintz, 1977. Numerical simulation of the Gulf Stream and mid-ocean eddies. J.
Phys. Oceanogr. 7, 208–230.
Smith, R. D., M. E. Maltrud, F. O. Bryan, and M. W. Hecht, 2000. Numerical simulation of the North
Atlantic Ocean at 1/10 degree. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 1532–1561.