Historical Introduction
13
Merz, A., and G. W¨ ust, 1922. Die Atlantische Vertikalzirkulation. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft f¨ ur Erdkunde
zu Berlin, Jahrgang 1922, 1–35.
Mohn, H., 1885. Die Str¨ omungen des Europaischen Nordmeeres. Petermanns Mittheilungen, Erganzungsheft, Nr. 70.
Montgomery, R. B., 1938. Circulation in upper layers of southern North Atlantic deduced with use of
isentropic analysis. Pap. Phys. Oceanogr. Meteorol. 6, 2, 55 pp.
Montgomery, R. B., and E. D. Stroup, 1962. Equatorial Waters and Currents at 150 ◦ W in July–August
1952. The Johns Hopkins Oceanographic Studies 1. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 68 pp.
Morison, S. E., 1971. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages A.D. 500–1600. Oxford
University Press, New York, 712 + xviii pp.
Mota, A. Teixera da, 1972. Atlantic winds and ocean currents in Portuguese nautical documents of the
sixteenth century. Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. B 73, 59–67.
Munk, W. H., and G. F. Carrier, 1950. The wind-driven circulation in ocean basins of various shapes. Tellus
2, 158–167.
Murray, J., 1895. Historical introduction. In: Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S.
Challenger during the Years 1872–76. A Summary of the Scientific Results, First Part, pp. 1–106E.
Murray, J., 1899. On the temperature of the floor of the ocean, and of the surface waters of the ocean.
Geogr. J. London 14, 34–51.
Peterson, R. G., L. Stramma, and G. Kortum, 1996. Early concepts and charts of ocean circulation. Prog.
Oceanogr. 37, 1–115.
Reid, J. L., 1961. On the geostrophic flow at the surface of the Pacific Ocean with respect to the 1,000–
decibar surface. Tellus 13, 489–502.
Rennell, J., 1832. An Investigation of the Currents of the Atlantic Ocean, and of those which Prevail
between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic. J.G.A.F. Rivington, London, 359 + viii pp. + 2 pl.
Riley, G. A., 1951. Oxygen, phosphate and nitrate in the Atlantic Ocean. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect.
13, 1, 126 pp.
Sandstr¨ om, J. W., and B. Helland-Hansen, 1903. Ueber die Berechnung von Meeresstr¨ omungen. Report
on Norwegian Fishery- and Marine-Investigations, 2, 4, 43 pp.
Schott, G., 1943. Nachtrag zu dem Aufsatz “Die Grundlagen einer Weltkarte der Meeresstr¨ omungen”.
Ann. Hydrogr. Marit. Meterol. 71, 281–282 and Tafel 22.
Stommel, H., 1948. The westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents. Trans. Am. Geophys.
Union 29, 202–206.
Stommel, H., 1957. A survey of ocean current theory. Deep-Sea Res. 4, 149–184.
Stommel, H., 1965. The Gulf Stream: A Physical and Dynamical Description, 2nd edition. University of
California Press, Berkeley, 248 + xiv pp.
Sverdrup, H. U., 1942. Oceanography for Meteorologists. Prentice–Hall, New York, 246 + xv pp.
Sverdrup, H. U., 1947. Wind-driven currents in a baroclinic ocean, with application to the equatorial
currents of the eastern Pacific. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 33, 318–326.
Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson, and R. H. Fleming, 1942. The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry, and
General Biology. Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1087 + x pp.
Uda, M., 1951. On the fluctuation of the main stream axis and its boundary line of Kuroshio.
J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 6, 181–189.
Uda, M., 1964. On the nature of the Kuroshio, its origin and meanders. In: Studies on Oceanography, K.
Yoshida, ed., University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 89–107.
Warren, B. A., 1981. Deep circulation of the world ocean. In: Evolution of Physical Oceanography, Scientific
Surveys in Honor of Henry Stommel, B. A. Warren and C. Wunsch, eds., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,
6–41.
Warren, B. A., 1987. Ancient and medieval records of the monsoon winds and currents of the Indian Ocean.
In: Monsoons, J. S. Fein and P. L. Stephens, eds., Wiley–Interscience, New York, 137–158.
Wattenberg, H., 1939. Atlas zu: Die Verteilung des Sauerstoffs im Atlantischen Ozean. In: Wissenschaftliche
Ergebnisse der Deutschen Atlantischen Expedition auf dem Forschungs- und Vermessungsschiff
13
Merz, A., and G. W¨ ust, 1922. Die Atlantische Vertikalzirkulation. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft f¨ ur Erdkunde
zu Berlin, Jahrgang 1922, 1–35.
Mohn, H., 1885. Die Str¨ omungen des Europaischen Nordmeeres. Petermanns Mittheilungen, Erganzungsheft, Nr. 70.
Montgomery, R. B., 1938. Circulation in upper layers of southern North Atlantic deduced with use of
isentropic analysis. Pap. Phys. Oceanogr. Meteorol. 6, 2, 55 pp.
Montgomery, R. B., and E. D. Stroup, 1962. Equatorial Waters and Currents at 150 ◦ W in July–August
1952. The Johns Hopkins Oceanographic Studies 1. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 68 pp.
Morison, S. E., 1971. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages A.D. 500–1600. Oxford
University Press, New York, 712 + xviii pp.
Mota, A. Teixera da, 1972. Atlantic winds and ocean currents in Portuguese nautical documents of the
sixteenth century. Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. B 73, 59–67.
Munk, W. H., and G. F. Carrier, 1950. The wind-driven circulation in ocean basins of various shapes. Tellus
2, 158–167.
Murray, J., 1895. Historical introduction. In: Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S.
Challenger during the Years 1872–76. A Summary of the Scientific Results, First Part, pp. 1–106E.
Murray, J., 1899. On the temperature of the floor of the ocean, and of the surface waters of the ocean.
Geogr. J. London 14, 34–51.
Peterson, R. G., L. Stramma, and G. Kortum, 1996. Early concepts and charts of ocean circulation. Prog.
Oceanogr. 37, 1–115.
Reid, J. L., 1961. On the geostrophic flow at the surface of the Pacific Ocean with respect to the 1,000–
decibar surface. Tellus 13, 489–502.
Rennell, J., 1832. An Investigation of the Currents of the Atlantic Ocean, and of those which Prevail
between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic. J.G.A.F. Rivington, London, 359 + viii pp. + 2 pl.
Riley, G. A., 1951. Oxygen, phosphate and nitrate in the Atlantic Ocean. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect.
13, 1, 126 pp.
Sandstr¨ om, J. W., and B. Helland-Hansen, 1903. Ueber die Berechnung von Meeresstr¨ omungen. Report
on Norwegian Fishery- and Marine-Investigations, 2, 4, 43 pp.
Schott, G., 1943. Nachtrag zu dem Aufsatz “Die Grundlagen einer Weltkarte der Meeresstr¨ omungen”.
Ann. Hydrogr. Marit. Meterol. 71, 281–282 and Tafel 22.
Stommel, H., 1948. The westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents. Trans. Am. Geophys.
Union 29, 202–206.
Stommel, H., 1957. A survey of ocean current theory. Deep-Sea Res. 4, 149–184.
Stommel, H., 1965. The Gulf Stream: A Physical and Dynamical Description, 2nd edition. University of
California Press, Berkeley, 248 + xiv pp.
Sverdrup, H. U., 1942. Oceanography for Meteorologists. Prentice–Hall, New York, 246 + xv pp.
Sverdrup, H. U., 1947. Wind-driven currents in a baroclinic ocean, with application to the equatorial
currents of the eastern Pacific. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 33, 318–326.
Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson, and R. H. Fleming, 1942. The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry, and
General Biology. Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1087 + x pp.
Uda, M., 1951. On the fluctuation of the main stream axis and its boundary line of Kuroshio.
J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 6, 181–189.
Uda, M., 1964. On the nature of the Kuroshio, its origin and meanders. In: Studies on Oceanography, K.
Yoshida, ed., University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 89–107.
Warren, B. A., 1981. Deep circulation of the world ocean. In: Evolution of Physical Oceanography, Scientific
Surveys in Honor of Henry Stommel, B. A. Warren and C. Wunsch, eds., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,
6–41.
Warren, B. A., 1987. Ancient and medieval records of the monsoon winds and currents of the Indian Ocean.
In: Monsoons, J. S. Fein and P. L. Stephens, eds., Wiley–Interscience, New York, 137–158.
Wattenberg, H., 1939. Atlas zu: Die Verteilung des Sauerstoffs im Atlantischen Ozean. In: Wissenschaftliche
Ergebnisse der Deutschen Atlantischen Expedition auf dem Forschungs- und Vermessungsschiff