116
Dennis Wilson Moore
easy to get the necessary resources to maintain the engineering development that in
turn enables scientists to advance their knowledge. And a comparable investment in
information technology and data handling infrastructure is also required, especially
for the global climate problem.
Theory and modeling are very important for putting the pieces together and
understanding how it all works. Only in rare cases does the theory precede the in
situ observations. In the late 1960s someone said to me, “You don’t really think all
those equatorial waves exist in the ocean, do you?” During the following decade
Wunsch and Gill (1976) found the equatorially trapped inertia-gravity waves in the
sea level data, and then Knox and Halpern (1982) found the Kelvin waves in sea level
and current meter data. Now these waves are recognized as the fundamental building
blocks for understanding the role of the ocean in the climate problem.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I wish to thank my daughter Megan for her help in proofreading this chapter.
REFERENCES
Blandford, R., 1966. Mixed gravity Rossby waves in the ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 13, 941–961.
Compton, A. H., 1913. A laboratory method of demonstrating the Earth’s rotation. Science 37, 803–806.
D¨ uing, W., et al., 1975. Meanders and long waves in the equatorial Atlantic. Nature 257, 280–284.
Fofonoff, N. D., and D. W. Moore, 1975. Modern measurement techniques. In: Numerical Models of Ocean
Circulation. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 57–60.
Katz, E. J., and J. M. Witte, eds., 1987. Further Progress in Equatorial Oceanography; A Report of the U.S.
TOGA Workshop on the Dynamics of the Equatorial Oceans, Honolulu, HI, August 11–15, 1986.
Knox, R., and D. Halpern, 1982. Long range Kelvin wave propagation of transport variations in Pacific
Ocean equatorial currents. J. Mar. Res. 40(Suppl.), 329–339.
Lighthill, M. J., 1969. Dynamic response of the Indian Ocean to the onset of the Southwest Monsoon.
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 265, 45–92.
Lindzen, R. S., ed., 1990. The Atmosphere—A Challenge: The Science of Jule Gregory Charney. American
Meteorological Society, Boston.
Luyten, J. R., and J. C. Swallow, 1976. Equatorial undercurrents. Deep-Sea Res. 23, 1005–1007.
Matsuno, T., 1966. Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan II 44,
25–43.
McCreary, J. P., 1981. A linear stratified ocean model of the equatorial undercurrent. Philos. Trans. R. Soc.
London Ser. A 298, 603–635.
McCreary, J. P., Jr., and D. L. T. Anderson, 1984. A simple model of El Ni˜ no and the Southern Oscillation.
Mon. Weather Rev. 112, 934–946.
McCreary, J. P., Jr., D. W. Moore, and J.M. Witte, eds., 1981. Recent Progress in Equatorial Oceanography;
A Report of the Final Meeting of SCOR Working Group 47 in Venice, Italy, April 27–30, 1981. Nova
University/N.Y.I.T. Press.
Moore, D. W., and P. P. Niiler, 1974. A two-layer model for the separation of inertial boundary currents.
J. Mar. Res. 32, 457–484.
Dennis Wilson Moore
easy to get the necessary resources to maintain the engineering development that in
turn enables scientists to advance their knowledge. And a comparable investment in
information technology and data handling infrastructure is also required, especially
for the global climate problem.
Theory and modeling are very important for putting the pieces together and
understanding how it all works. Only in rare cases does the theory precede the in
situ observations. In the late 1960s someone said to me, “You don’t really think all
those equatorial waves exist in the ocean, do you?” During the following decade
Wunsch and Gill (1976) found the equatorially trapped inertia-gravity waves in the
sea level data, and then Knox and Halpern (1982) found the Kelvin waves in sea level
and current meter data. Now these waves are recognized as the fundamental building
blocks for understanding the role of the ocean in the climate problem.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I wish to thank my daughter Megan for her help in proofreading this chapter.
REFERENCES
Blandford, R., 1966. Mixed gravity Rossby waves in the ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 13, 941–961.
Compton, A. H., 1913. A laboratory method of demonstrating the Earth’s rotation. Science 37, 803–806.
D¨ uing, W., et al., 1975. Meanders and long waves in the equatorial Atlantic. Nature 257, 280–284.
Fofonoff, N. D., and D. W. Moore, 1975. Modern measurement techniques. In: Numerical Models of Ocean
Circulation. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 57–60.
Katz, E. J., and J. M. Witte, eds., 1987. Further Progress in Equatorial Oceanography; A Report of the U.S.
TOGA Workshop on the Dynamics of the Equatorial Oceans, Honolulu, HI, August 11–15, 1986.
Knox, R., and D. Halpern, 1982. Long range Kelvin wave propagation of transport variations in Pacific
Ocean equatorial currents. J. Mar. Res. 40(Suppl.), 329–339.
Lighthill, M. J., 1969. Dynamic response of the Indian Ocean to the onset of the Southwest Monsoon.
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 265, 45–92.
Lindzen, R. S., ed., 1990. The Atmosphere—A Challenge: The Science of Jule Gregory Charney. American
Meteorological Society, Boston.
Luyten, J. R., and J. C. Swallow, 1976. Equatorial undercurrents. Deep-Sea Res. 23, 1005–1007.
Matsuno, T., 1966. Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan II 44,
25–43.
McCreary, J. P., 1981. A linear stratified ocean model of the equatorial undercurrent. Philos. Trans. R. Soc.
London Ser. A 298, 603–635.
McCreary, J. P., Jr., and D. L. T. Anderson, 1984. A simple model of El Ni˜ no and the Southern Oscillation.
Mon. Weather Rev. 112, 934–946.
McCreary, J. P., Jr., D. W. Moore, and J.M. Witte, eds., 1981. Recent Progress in Equatorial Oceanography;
A Report of the Final Meeting of SCOR Working Group 47 in Venice, Italy, April 27–30, 1981. Nova
University/N.Y.I.T. Press.
Moore, D. W., and P. P. Niiler, 1974. A two-layer model for the separation of inertial boundary currents.
J. Mar. Res. 32, 457–484.