Parameter
Proxy
Basic assumption(s/ Empirical relationship
salinity
8a
o"Ow (from 2)
see2&1
see2&1
with salinity
independent temp.
proxy 1
8b
sec 3
see2&3
see2&3
8c
see 4
see2&4
see2&4
pH
9
OIIB
1) in sea water, boron based on 1) through 3)
dissociates mainly into
two species
pH:a + b&llB +
2) the constant
C(OIIB)' + d(01IB)3
fractionation between
borate and boric acid
empirically:
is ca. 20
%0 (Kakihana
et a1. 1977)
pH:
f OIIB
o."";""," +
3) charged borate is
v.o.
incorporated into the
carbonate lattice
V.o.
= vital offset
(Hemming and
Hanson 1994)
Sanyal
et a1. (1996)
alkalinity
10
[BalCa]
1) ratio barite to Corg
Alk:
is fixed.
([BalCa]ID., '[Ca]'1 0. 9
2) decomposition of
f1eq/mol
+ 1515
Corg at seafloor
f1eqlkg)/0.67
releases Ba and
C03 =
via dissolution of
where AlkN is alkalinity
barite and carbonate
nonnalized for saHnity
in a constant molar
variation and DBa
is the
ratio (±11750)
---'partition coefficient
l:CO,
11
Ol3C
org
1) Corg is enriched in
deep water [l:CO,]N :
I'C (see 30)
-179*(01'C' -0.07)+2384
2) decomposition of
J.Unol/kg. where
[LCO,],
Corg at seafloor
is normalized for salinity
simultaneously
variation, Ol3C· is ol3C
increases
Leo2 and
corrected for reservoir
lowers ol3C
ofLCO,
effects
Selected re!erence(s!'
Precision (lab.
reproducib.)
Duplessyet a1. (1993.
see2&1
1991);
Sarnthein et a1. (l992b)
Mashiotta et a1. (subm)
see2&3
Rostek et a1. (1993)
see2&4
Spivack et a1. (1993);
± 0.7
%0 (=>±
0.1
Sanyal et a1. (1996;
pH-units in the
1995)
range 8.0 . 8.6)
Lea and Boyle (1989);
2.4 %
(=>« I
Lea and Spero (1992.
f1eqlkg
1994);
Lea (1993. 1995)
Broecker and Peng
±O.1
%0
(1989)
Accuracy3
'" 1.2
%0
(assuming
error
of ±l
°Cinthe
independent
temp. proxy;
dependent
on
slope of
o"Ow vs. S)
see8a
see8a
±0.1 pHunits
for the
natural
surface and
deepwater
pH range
(Sanyal pers
com 1999)
± 22 f1eqlkg
(Lea 1995)
1 9 J.Unol/kg
(not taken
into account
errors arising
from
Ol3C~13C')
(Lea 1995)
Pitfalls
see 2 & 1
sce2&3
see2&4
I) species-dependent calibration
curves
2) B residence time ±20 my
(Spivack
et a1. 1993)
I) mechanism not known
2) potential changes in Ba-Alk slope
with time
3) dissolution or depth-dependent
partition coefficient? (Mccorkle et
a1. 1995)
4) Ba residence time ±8.8 ky
(Broecker and Peng 1982)
see 30
I
V>
00
~
(t>
....
~
1"-
Proxy
Basic assumption(s/ Empirical relationship
salinity
8a
o"Ow (from 2)
see2&1
see2&1
with salinity
independent temp.
proxy 1
8b
sec 3
see2&3
see2&3
8c
see 4
see2&4
see2&4
pH
9
OIIB
1) in sea water, boron based on 1) through 3)
dissociates mainly into
two species
pH:a + b&llB +
2) the constant
C(OIIB)' + d(01IB)3
fractionation between
borate and boric acid
empirically:
is ca. 20
%0 (Kakihana
et a1. 1977)
pH:
f OIIB
o."";""," +
3) charged borate is
v.o.
incorporated into the
carbonate lattice
V.o.
= vital offset
(Hemming and
Hanson 1994)
Sanyal
et a1. (1996)
alkalinity
10
[BalCa]
1) ratio barite to Corg
Alk:
is fixed.
([BalCa]ID., '[Ca]'1 0. 9
2) decomposition of
f1eq/mol
+ 1515
Corg at seafloor
f1eqlkg)/0.67
releases Ba and
C03 =
via dissolution of
where AlkN is alkalinity
barite and carbonate
nonnalized for saHnity
in a constant molar
variation and DBa
is the
ratio (±11750)
---'partition coefficient
l:CO,
11
Ol3C
org
1) Corg is enriched in
deep water [l:CO,]N :
I'C (see 30)
-179*(01'C' -0.07)+2384
2) decomposition of
J.Unol/kg. where
[LCO,],
Corg at seafloor
is normalized for salinity
simultaneously
variation, Ol3C· is ol3C
increases
Leo2 and
corrected for reservoir
lowers ol3C
ofLCO,
effects
Selected re!erence(s!'
Precision (lab.
reproducib.)
Duplessyet a1. (1993.
see2&1
1991);
Sarnthein et a1. (l992b)
Mashiotta et a1. (subm)
see2&3
Rostek et a1. (1993)
see2&4
Spivack et a1. (1993);
± 0.7
%0 (=>±
0.1
Sanyal et a1. (1996;
pH-units in the
1995)
range 8.0 . 8.6)
Lea and Boyle (1989);
2.4 %
(=>« I
Lea and Spero (1992.
f1eqlkg
1994);
Lea (1993. 1995)
Broecker and Peng
±O.1
%0
(1989)
Accuracy3
'" 1.2
%0
(assuming
error
of ±l
°Cinthe
independent
temp. proxy;
dependent
on
slope of
o"Ow vs. S)
see8a
see8a
±0.1 pHunits
for the
natural
surface and
deepwater
pH range
(Sanyal pers
com 1999)
± 22 f1eqlkg
(Lea 1995)
1 9 J.Unol/kg
(not taken
into account
errors arising
from
Ol3C~13C')
(Lea 1995)
Pitfalls
see 2 & 1
sce2&3
see2&4
I) species-dependent calibration
curves
2) B residence time ±20 my
(Spivack
et a1. 1993)
I) mechanism not known
2) potential changes in Ba-Alk slope
with time
3) dissolution or depth-dependent
partition coefficient? (Mccorkle et
a1. 1995)
4) Ba residence time ±8.8 ky
(Broecker and Peng 1982)
see 30
I
V>
00
~
(t>
....
~
1"-