Clues to Ocean History: a Brief Overview of Proxies
43
Boyle EA (1981) Cadmium, zinc, copper, and barium in
foraminifera tests. Earth Planet Sci Lett 53: 11-35
Boyle EA (1986) Paired carbon isotope and cadmium
data from benthic foraminifera: implications for
changes in oceanic phosphorus, oceanic circulation,
and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Geochim
Cosmochim. Acta 50: 265-176
Boyle EA (1988) Cadmium: chemical tracer of deepwater
paleoceanography. Paleoceanography 3: 471-489
Boyle EA (1992) Cadmium and olJC paleochemical ocean
distributions during the Stage 2 Glacial Maximum.
Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 20: 245-287
Boyle EA (1994) A comparison of carbon isotopes and
cadmium in the modem and glacial maximum ocean:
can we account for the discrepancies? In: Zahn R,
Pedersen TF, Kaminski MA, Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon cycling in the glacial ocean: Constraints on the
ocean's role in global change. NATO ASI Series, Vol
17, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 167-194
Boyle EA (1995) Limits on benthic foraminiferal chemical analyses as precise measures of environmental
properties. JForam Res 25: 4-13
Boyle EA, Rosenthal Y (1996) Chemical hydrography of
the South Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum:
Cd vs. o lJ c.ln: WeferG, Berger WH, SiedIerG, Webb
D (eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp423-443
Boyle EA, Labeyrie L, Duplessy J-C (1995) Calcitic
foraminiferal data confirmed by cadmium in
aragonitic Hoeglundina : application to the last
glacial maximum in the northern Indian Ocean,
Paleoceanography 10: 881-900
Brassell SC (1993) Applications of Biomarkers for Delineating Marine Paleoclimatic Fluctuations during
the Pleistocene. In: Engel MH, Macko SA (eds)
Geochemistry Organic. Plenum Press, pp 699-738
Brassell SC, Eglinton G, Marlowe IT, Pflaumann U,
Samthein M (1986) Molecular stratigraphy: a new
tool for climatic assessment. Nature 320: 129-133
Broecker WS (1982) Glacial to interglacial changes in
ocean chemistry. Progr Oceanogr 11: 151-197
Broecker WS (1991) The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography 4: 79-89
Broecker WS (1992) The glacial world according to
Wally. Eldigo Press, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, NewYork,pp 1-67
Broecker WS, Denton GH (1989) The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 53: 2465-2501
Broecker WS, Henderson GM (1998) The sequence of
events surrounding Termination II and their implications for the cause of glacial-interglacial CO 2
changes. Paleoceanography 13: 353-364
Broecker WS, Maier-Reimer E (1992) The influence of
air and sea exchange on the carbon isotopic distribution in the sea. Global Biogeochem Cycles 6:
315-320
Broecker WS, Peng T-H (1982) Tracers in the Sea.
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia
University, Palisades, New York, pp 1-690
Broecker WS, Peng T -H (1989) The cause of the glacial
to interglacial atmospheric CO 2 change: a polar alkalinity hypothesis. Global Biogeochem Cycles 3:
215-239
Broecker WS, Peng T-H (1994) Archer's World: CO 2 's
glacial hideout? Greenhouse Puzzles, 2. LDEO Press,
Palisades, pp I-57
Brummer GJA, Eijden AJM (1992) "Blue-ocean"
paleoproductivity estimates from pelagic carbonate
mass accumulation rates. Mar Micropaleontol 19:
99-117
Bukry D (1980) Opal phytoliths from the tropical western Pacific ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 54.
In: Rosendahl BR et al. (eds) lnit Repts Dee Sea Drilling Project, US Govt Printing Office, Washington,
pp575-589
Burckle LH, Stanton D (1975) Distribution of displaced
Antarctic diatoms in the Argentine Basin. Diatom
Symposium Volume, Diatom Conference, Kiel,
Gennany, pp 283-291
Burke SK, Berger WH, Coulboum WT, VincentE (1993)
Benthic foraminifera in box core ERDC 112, Ontong
Java Plateau. J Foram Res 23: 19-39
Charles CD, Fairbanks RG (1990) Glacial to interglacial
changes in the isotopic gradients of the Southern
Ocean surface water. In: Bleil U, Thiede J (eds) Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus
Antarctic, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 519-538
Charles CD, WrightJD, Fairbanks RG (1993) Thermodynamic influences on marine carbon isotope record.
Paleoceanography 8: 691-697
Chave KE (1954a) Aspects ofthe biochemistry of magnesium. I. Calcareous marine organisms. J Geo162:
266-283
Chave KE (1954b) Aspects of the biochemistry of magnesium. 2. Calcareous sediments and rocks. J Geol
62:587-599
CLIMAP-Project Members (1976) The surface of the iceage earth. Science 191: 1131-1137
CLIMAP-Project Members (1981) Seasonal Reconstructions of the Earth's Surface at the last Glacial Maximum. Geol Soc Amer Map and Chart Series MC-36
CLIMAP-Project Members (1984) The last interglacial
43
Boyle EA (1981) Cadmium, zinc, copper, and barium in
foraminifera tests. Earth Planet Sci Lett 53: 11-35
Boyle EA (1986) Paired carbon isotope and cadmium
data from benthic foraminifera: implications for
changes in oceanic phosphorus, oceanic circulation,
and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Geochim
Cosmochim. Acta 50: 265-176
Boyle EA (1988) Cadmium: chemical tracer of deepwater
paleoceanography. Paleoceanography 3: 471-489
Boyle EA (1992) Cadmium and olJC paleochemical ocean
distributions during the Stage 2 Glacial Maximum.
Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 20: 245-287
Boyle EA (1994) A comparison of carbon isotopes and
cadmium in the modem and glacial maximum ocean:
can we account for the discrepancies? In: Zahn R,
Pedersen TF, Kaminski MA, Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon cycling in the glacial ocean: Constraints on the
ocean's role in global change. NATO ASI Series, Vol
17, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 167-194
Boyle EA (1995) Limits on benthic foraminiferal chemical analyses as precise measures of environmental
properties. JForam Res 25: 4-13
Boyle EA, Rosenthal Y (1996) Chemical hydrography of
the South Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum:
Cd vs. o lJ c.ln: WeferG, Berger WH, SiedIerG, Webb
D (eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp423-443
Boyle EA, Labeyrie L, Duplessy J-C (1995) Calcitic
foraminiferal data confirmed by cadmium in
aragonitic Hoeglundina : application to the last
glacial maximum in the northern Indian Ocean,
Paleoceanography 10: 881-900
Brassell SC (1993) Applications of Biomarkers for Delineating Marine Paleoclimatic Fluctuations during
the Pleistocene. In: Engel MH, Macko SA (eds)
Geochemistry Organic. Plenum Press, pp 699-738
Brassell SC, Eglinton G, Marlowe IT, Pflaumann U,
Samthein M (1986) Molecular stratigraphy: a new
tool for climatic assessment. Nature 320: 129-133
Broecker WS (1982) Glacial to interglacial changes in
ocean chemistry. Progr Oceanogr 11: 151-197
Broecker WS (1991) The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography 4: 79-89
Broecker WS (1992) The glacial world according to
Wally. Eldigo Press, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, NewYork,pp 1-67
Broecker WS, Denton GH (1989) The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 53: 2465-2501
Broecker WS, Henderson GM (1998) The sequence of
events surrounding Termination II and their implications for the cause of glacial-interglacial CO 2
changes. Paleoceanography 13: 353-364
Broecker WS, Maier-Reimer E (1992) The influence of
air and sea exchange on the carbon isotopic distribution in the sea. Global Biogeochem Cycles 6:
315-320
Broecker WS, Peng T-H (1982) Tracers in the Sea.
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia
University, Palisades, New York, pp 1-690
Broecker WS, Peng T -H (1989) The cause of the glacial
to interglacial atmospheric CO 2 change: a polar alkalinity hypothesis. Global Biogeochem Cycles 3:
215-239
Broecker WS, Peng T-H (1994) Archer's World: CO 2 's
glacial hideout? Greenhouse Puzzles, 2. LDEO Press,
Palisades, pp I-57
Brummer GJA, Eijden AJM (1992) "Blue-ocean"
paleoproductivity estimates from pelagic carbonate
mass accumulation rates. Mar Micropaleontol 19:
99-117
Bukry D (1980) Opal phytoliths from the tropical western Pacific ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 54.
In: Rosendahl BR et al. (eds) lnit Repts Dee Sea Drilling Project, US Govt Printing Office, Washington,
pp575-589
Burckle LH, Stanton D (1975) Distribution of displaced
Antarctic diatoms in the Argentine Basin. Diatom
Symposium Volume, Diatom Conference, Kiel,
Gennany, pp 283-291
Burke SK, Berger WH, Coulboum WT, VincentE (1993)
Benthic foraminifera in box core ERDC 112, Ontong
Java Plateau. J Foram Res 23: 19-39
Charles CD, Fairbanks RG (1990) Glacial to interglacial
changes in the isotopic gradients of the Southern
Ocean surface water. In: Bleil U, Thiede J (eds) Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus
Antarctic, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 519-538
Charles CD, WrightJD, Fairbanks RG (1993) Thermodynamic influences on marine carbon isotope record.
Paleoceanography 8: 691-697
Chave KE (1954a) Aspects ofthe biochemistry of magnesium. I. Calcareous marine organisms. J Geo162:
266-283
Chave KE (1954b) Aspects of the biochemistry of magnesium. 2. Calcareous sediments and rocks. J Geol
62:587-599
CLIMAP-Project Members (1976) The surface of the iceage earth. Science 191: 1131-1137
CLIMAP-Project Members (1981) Seasonal Reconstructions of the Earth's Surface at the last Glacial Maximum. Geol Soc Amer Map and Chart Series MC-36
CLIMAP-Project Members (1984) The last interglacial