406
Walter et al.
Bacon MP, Huh C-A, Fleer AP, Deuser WG (1985)
Seasonality in the flux of natural radionuclides and
plutonium in the deep Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res
32:273-286
Berger WH, Fisher K, Lai C, Wu G (1987) Ocean carbon
flux: global maps of primary production and export
production. In: Agegian C (ed) Biogeochemical Cycling and Fluxes between the Deep Euphotic Zone
and other Oceanic Realms. NOAA Symp Ser for
Under sea Research, NOAA Undersea Research
Program, 3(2). Preprint in SIO ref87-30
Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (1989) Ocean productivity and paleoproductivity - An Overview. In:
Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past. Dahlem Workshop Reports, 1. Wiley and Sons, pp 1-34
Boyle E (1996) Deep water distillation. Nature 379:
679-680
Broecker WS (1979) A revised estimate for the radiocarbon age of North Atlantic deep water. J Geophys Res
84: 3218-3226
Broecker WS, Peng T-H (1982) Tracers in the Sea. Eldigio
Press Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory,
Palisades, New York, pp 1-690
Chen JH, Edwards RL, Wasserburg GJ (1986) mU, 234U
and 232Th in seawater. Earth Planet Sci Lett 80:
241-251
Chen JH, Edwards RL, Wasserburg GL (1992) Mass
spectrometry and applications to uranium-series
disequilibrium. In: Ivanovich M, Harmon RS (eds)
Uranium Series Disequilibria: Applications to Environmental Problems. Second edition, London,
Clarendon, pp 174-206
Cheng H, Edwards RL, Goldstein SJ (1996) Pa-231 dating of carbonates using TIMS techniques. EOS,
Trans Amer Geophys Union 77: S168
Cochran JK (1992) The oceanic chemistry of the U- and
Th-series nuclides. In: M. Ivanovich M, Harmon RS
(eds) Uranium Series Disequilibria: Applications to
Environmental Problems. Second edition, London,
Clarendon, pp 334-395
Cochran JK, Krishnaswami S (1980) Radium, thorium,
uranium and 2lOPb in deep-sea sediments and sediment pore waters from the north equatorial Pacific.
Amer J Sci 280: 849-889
DeMaster DJ (1979) The marine budgets of silica and
32-Si. PhD Thesis, Yale University, New Haven,
pp 1-308
DeMaster DJ (1981) The supply and accumulation of
silica in the marine environment. Geochim
CosmochimActa45: 1715-1732
Fischer G, Fiitterer D, Gersonde R, Honjo S, Osterman
D, Wefer G (1988) Seasonal variability of particle flux
in the Weddell Sea and its relation to ice cover.
Nature 335: 426-428
Fran~ois R, Bacon MP, Suman DO (1990) Thorium-230
profiling in deep-sea sediments: high-resolution
records of flux and dissolution of carbonate in the
equatorial Atlantic during the last 24,000 years.
Paleoceanography 5: 761-787
Fran~ois R, Bacon MP, Altabet M, Labeyrie LD (1993)
Glacial/Interglacial changes in sediment rain rate
in the SW Indian sector of subantarctic waters
as recorded by 230Th, 2JIPa, U and olsN. Paleoceanography 8: 611-629
Fran~oisR, AltabetMA, YuE-F, SigmanDM, BaconMP,
Frank M, Bohrmann G, Bareille G, Labeyrie LD (1997)
Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification to low atmospheric CO 2 concentrations during the last glacial period. Nature 389: 929-935
Frank M, Eckhardt J-D, Eisenhauer A, Kubik PW,
Dittrich-Hannen B, Segl M, Mangini A (1994) Beryllium 10, thorium 230, and protactinium 231 in
Galapagos microplate sediments: Implications of
hydrothermal activity and paleoproductivity
changes during the last 100,000 years.
Paleoceanography 9: 559-578
German CR, Fleer AP, Bacon MP, Edmond JM (1991)
Hydrothermal scavenging at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge:
radionuclide distributions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 105:
170-181
Guo L, Santschi P, Baskaran M, Zindler A (1995) Distribution of dissolved and particulate 230Th and 232Th
in seawater from the Gulf of Mexico and off Cape
Hatteras as measured by SIMS. Earth Planet Sci Lett
133: 117-128
Honjo S (1982) Seasonality and interaction of biogenic
and lithogenic particulate flux at the Panama Basin.
Science 218: 883-884
Huh C-A, Beasley TM (1987) Profiles of dissolved and
particulate thorium isotopes in the water column of
coastal Southern California. Earth Planet Sci Lett 85:
1-10
Huh C-A, ZahnleDL, Small LF, Noshkin VE(1987) Budgets and behaviour of uranium and thorium series isotopes in Santa Monica Basin sediments. Geochim
CosmochimActa51: 1743-1754
Ku T-L (1965) An evaluation of the 234U['3'U method as
a tool for dating pelagic sediments. J Geophys Res
70: 3457-3474
Ku T-L (1966) Uranium series disequilibrium in deep-sea
sediments. PhD Thesis, Columbia University, New
Yak
Walter et al.
Bacon MP, Huh C-A, Fleer AP, Deuser WG (1985)
Seasonality in the flux of natural radionuclides and
plutonium in the deep Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res
32:273-286
Berger WH, Fisher K, Lai C, Wu G (1987) Ocean carbon
flux: global maps of primary production and export
production. In: Agegian C (ed) Biogeochemical Cycling and Fluxes between the Deep Euphotic Zone
and other Oceanic Realms. NOAA Symp Ser for
Under sea Research, NOAA Undersea Research
Program, 3(2). Preprint in SIO ref87-30
Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (1989) Ocean productivity and paleoproductivity - An Overview. In:
Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past. Dahlem Workshop Reports, 1. Wiley and Sons, pp 1-34
Boyle E (1996) Deep water distillation. Nature 379:
679-680
Broecker WS (1979) A revised estimate for the radiocarbon age of North Atlantic deep water. J Geophys Res
84: 3218-3226
Broecker WS, Peng T-H (1982) Tracers in the Sea. Eldigio
Press Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory,
Palisades, New York, pp 1-690
Chen JH, Edwards RL, Wasserburg GJ (1986) mU, 234U
and 232Th in seawater. Earth Planet Sci Lett 80:
241-251
Chen JH, Edwards RL, Wasserburg GL (1992) Mass
spectrometry and applications to uranium-series
disequilibrium. In: Ivanovich M, Harmon RS (eds)
Uranium Series Disequilibria: Applications to Environmental Problems. Second edition, London,
Clarendon, pp 174-206
Cheng H, Edwards RL, Goldstein SJ (1996) Pa-231 dating of carbonates using TIMS techniques. EOS,
Trans Amer Geophys Union 77: S168
Cochran JK (1992) The oceanic chemistry of the U- and
Th-series nuclides. In: M. Ivanovich M, Harmon RS
(eds) Uranium Series Disequilibria: Applications to
Environmental Problems. Second edition, London,
Clarendon, pp 334-395
Cochran JK, Krishnaswami S (1980) Radium, thorium,
uranium and 2lOPb in deep-sea sediments and sediment pore waters from the north equatorial Pacific.
Amer J Sci 280: 849-889
DeMaster DJ (1979) The marine budgets of silica and
32-Si. PhD Thesis, Yale University, New Haven,
pp 1-308
DeMaster DJ (1981) The supply and accumulation of
silica in the marine environment. Geochim
CosmochimActa45: 1715-1732
Fischer G, Fiitterer D, Gersonde R, Honjo S, Osterman
D, Wefer G (1988) Seasonal variability of particle flux
in the Weddell Sea and its relation to ice cover.
Nature 335: 426-428
Fran~ois R, Bacon MP, Suman DO (1990) Thorium-230
profiling in deep-sea sediments: high-resolution
records of flux and dissolution of carbonate in the
equatorial Atlantic during the last 24,000 years.
Paleoceanography 5: 761-787
Fran~ois R, Bacon MP, Altabet M, Labeyrie LD (1993)
Glacial/Interglacial changes in sediment rain rate
in the SW Indian sector of subantarctic waters
as recorded by 230Th, 2JIPa, U and olsN. Paleoceanography 8: 611-629
Fran~oisR, AltabetMA, YuE-F, SigmanDM, BaconMP,
Frank M, Bohrmann G, Bareille G, Labeyrie LD (1997)
Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification to low atmospheric CO 2 concentrations during the last glacial period. Nature 389: 929-935
Frank M, Eckhardt J-D, Eisenhauer A, Kubik PW,
Dittrich-Hannen B, Segl M, Mangini A (1994) Beryllium 10, thorium 230, and protactinium 231 in
Galapagos microplate sediments: Implications of
hydrothermal activity and paleoproductivity
changes during the last 100,000 years.
Paleoceanography 9: 559-578
German CR, Fleer AP, Bacon MP, Edmond JM (1991)
Hydrothermal scavenging at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge:
radionuclide distributions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 105:
170-181
Guo L, Santschi P, Baskaran M, Zindler A (1995) Distribution of dissolved and particulate 230Th and 232Th
in seawater from the Gulf of Mexico and off Cape
Hatteras as measured by SIMS. Earth Planet Sci Lett
133: 117-128
Honjo S (1982) Seasonality and interaction of biogenic
and lithogenic particulate flux at the Panama Basin.
Science 218: 883-884
Huh C-A, Beasley TM (1987) Profiles of dissolved and
particulate thorium isotopes in the water column of
coastal Southern California. Earth Planet Sci Lett 85:
1-10
Huh C-A, ZahnleDL, Small LF, Noshkin VE(1987) Budgets and behaviour of uranium and thorium series isotopes in Santa Monica Basin sediments. Geochim
CosmochimActa51: 1743-1754
Ku T-L (1965) An evaluation of the 234U['3'U method as
a tool for dating pelagic sediments. J Geophys Res
70: 3457-3474
Ku T-L (1966) Uranium series disequilibrium in deep-sea
sediments. PhD Thesis, Columbia University, New
Yak