Variability in Export Production Documented by Downward Fluxes and Species Composition
389
References
Abrantes FF (1988) Diatom assemblages as upwelling
indicators in surface sediments off Portugal. J Mar
Res 85: 15-39
Abrantes FF, Sancetta C (1985) Diatom assemblages
in surface sediments reflect coastal upwelling off
southern Portugal. Oceanol Acta 8: 7-12
AnhufD, Frankenberg P (1991) Die naturnahen Vegetationszonen Westafrikas. Die Erde 122: 243-265
Bennekom AJ van, Berger GW, Helder W, de Vries RTP
(1978) Nutrient distribution in the Zaire estuary and
river plume. Neth J Mar Res 12: 296-323
Berger WH (1976) Biogeneous deep-sea sediments:
production, preservation and interpretation. In: Riley
JP, Chester R (eds) Treatise on Chemical Oceanography 5. Academic Press, New York, pp 266-388
Berger WH (1989) Global maps of ocean productivity.
In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity in the ocean: Present and past. J Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, pp 429-455
Berger WH, Lange CB (in press) Silica depletion in the
thermocline of the glacial North Pacific: corollaries
and implications. Deep-Sea Res
Bishop JKB, Edmond JM, Ketten DR, Bacon MP, Silker
WB (1977) The chemistry, biology and vertical flux
of particulate matter from the upper 400 m of the
equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res 24: 511-548
Blackman E (1971) Opaline silica bodies in the range
grasses of southern Alberta. Can J Bot 49: 769-781
Boltovskoy D, Alder VA, AbelmanA (1993) Annual flux
of Radiolaria and other shelled plankters in the
eastern equatorial Atlantic at 853 m: seasonal variations and polycystine species-specific responses.
Deep-Sea Res 40: 1863-1895
Boltovskoy D, Uliana E, Wefer G (1996) Seasonal variation in the flux of microplankton and radiolarian assemblage compositions in the northeastern tropical
Atlanticat2,195 m. Limnol Oceanogr41: 615-635
Brodie I, Kemp AES (1994) Variation in biogenic and
detrital fluxes and formation of laminae in late
Quaternary sediments from the Peruvian coastal
upwelling zone. Mar Geol 116: 385-398
Bukry D (1980) Opal phytoliths from the tropical western Pacific ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 54.
In: Rosendahl BR et al. (eds) Init Repts Deep Sea
Drilling Project 54, US Govt Printing Office,
Washington DC, pp 575-589
Burckle LH, Stanton D (1975) Distribution of displaced
Antarctic diatoms in the Argentine Basin. Nova
Hedwigia53:283-292
Camp L van, Nykjaer L, Mittelstaedt E, Schlittenhardt P
(1991) Upwelling and boundary circulation off
Northwest Africa as depicted by infrared and visible satellite observations. Progr Oceanogr 26:
357-402
Chavez FP, Smith SL (1995) Biological and chemical
consequences of open ocean upwelling. In:
Summerhayes CP, Emeis K-C, Angel MY, Smith RL,
Zeitschel B (eds) Upwelling in the ocean - Modem
processes and ancient records. J Wiley & Sons,
Chichester New York Brisbane Toronto Singapore,
pp 149-169
De Master DJ, Dunbar RB, Gorson LI, Leventer AR,
Morrison JM, Nelson DM, Nittrouer CA, Smith WO
Jr (1992) Cycling and accumulation of biogenic silica
and organic matter in high latitude environments: the
Ross sea. Oceanography 5: 146-153
De Menocal PB, Ruddimanm WF, Pokras EM (1993) Influences of high- and low-latitude processes on
african terrestrial climate: Pleistocene eolian records
from equatorial Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Site
663. Paleoceanography 8: 209-242
Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP (1998) Silicate regulation of
new production in the equatorial Pacific upwelling.
Nature 391: 270-273
Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Minas HJ (1995) The role of
the silicate pump in driving new production. DeepSea Res 42: 697-719
Eisma D, van Bennekom AJ (1978) The Zaire river and
estuary and the Zaire outflow in the Atlantic ocean.
Neth J Mar Res 12: 255-272
Fischer G, Wefer G (1995) Downward particulate matter
fluxes in the eastern and western equatorial Atlantic: a comparison. In: Tsunogai K, Koike lOT (eds)
Proceedings of the IGBP Symposium on "Global
fluxes of carbon and its related substances in the
coastal sea-ocean-atmosphere system". Hokkaido
University, Sapporo, Japan, pp 317-331
Fischer G, Wefer G (1996) Long-term observation of particle fluxes in the Eastern Atlantic: Seasonality,
changes of flux with depth and comparison with the
sediment record. In: Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G,
Webb DJ (eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past
Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp325-344
Fischer G, Donner B, Ratmeyer V, Davenport B, Wefer G
(1996) Distinct year-to-year flux variations off Cape
Blanc during 1988-1991: relationship to (llsO-deduced sea-surface temperature and trade winds.
JMarRes54: 1-27
389
References
Abrantes FF (1988) Diatom assemblages as upwelling
indicators in surface sediments off Portugal. J Mar
Res 85: 15-39
Abrantes FF, Sancetta C (1985) Diatom assemblages
in surface sediments reflect coastal upwelling off
southern Portugal. Oceanol Acta 8: 7-12
AnhufD, Frankenberg P (1991) Die naturnahen Vegetationszonen Westafrikas. Die Erde 122: 243-265
Bennekom AJ van, Berger GW, Helder W, de Vries RTP
(1978) Nutrient distribution in the Zaire estuary and
river plume. Neth J Mar Res 12: 296-323
Berger WH (1976) Biogeneous deep-sea sediments:
production, preservation and interpretation. In: Riley
JP, Chester R (eds) Treatise on Chemical Oceanography 5. Academic Press, New York, pp 266-388
Berger WH (1989) Global maps of ocean productivity.
In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity in the ocean: Present and past. J Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, pp 429-455
Berger WH, Lange CB (in press) Silica depletion in the
thermocline of the glacial North Pacific: corollaries
and implications. Deep-Sea Res
Bishop JKB, Edmond JM, Ketten DR, Bacon MP, Silker
WB (1977) The chemistry, biology and vertical flux
of particulate matter from the upper 400 m of the
equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res 24: 511-548
Blackman E (1971) Opaline silica bodies in the range
grasses of southern Alberta. Can J Bot 49: 769-781
Boltovskoy D, Alder VA, AbelmanA (1993) Annual flux
of Radiolaria and other shelled plankters in the
eastern equatorial Atlantic at 853 m: seasonal variations and polycystine species-specific responses.
Deep-Sea Res 40: 1863-1895
Boltovskoy D, Uliana E, Wefer G (1996) Seasonal variation in the flux of microplankton and radiolarian assemblage compositions in the northeastern tropical
Atlanticat2,195 m. Limnol Oceanogr41: 615-635
Brodie I, Kemp AES (1994) Variation in biogenic and
detrital fluxes and formation of laminae in late
Quaternary sediments from the Peruvian coastal
upwelling zone. Mar Geol 116: 385-398
Bukry D (1980) Opal phytoliths from the tropical western Pacific ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 54.
In: Rosendahl BR et al. (eds) Init Repts Deep Sea
Drilling Project 54, US Govt Printing Office,
Washington DC, pp 575-589
Burckle LH, Stanton D (1975) Distribution of displaced
Antarctic diatoms in the Argentine Basin. Nova
Hedwigia53:283-292
Camp L van, Nykjaer L, Mittelstaedt E, Schlittenhardt P
(1991) Upwelling and boundary circulation off
Northwest Africa as depicted by infrared and visible satellite observations. Progr Oceanogr 26:
357-402
Chavez FP, Smith SL (1995) Biological and chemical
consequences of open ocean upwelling. In:
Summerhayes CP, Emeis K-C, Angel MY, Smith RL,
Zeitschel B (eds) Upwelling in the ocean - Modem
processes and ancient records. J Wiley & Sons,
Chichester New York Brisbane Toronto Singapore,
pp 149-169
De Master DJ, Dunbar RB, Gorson LI, Leventer AR,
Morrison JM, Nelson DM, Nittrouer CA, Smith WO
Jr (1992) Cycling and accumulation of biogenic silica
and organic matter in high latitude environments: the
Ross sea. Oceanography 5: 146-153
De Menocal PB, Ruddimanm WF, Pokras EM (1993) Influences of high- and low-latitude processes on
african terrestrial climate: Pleistocene eolian records
from equatorial Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Site
663. Paleoceanography 8: 209-242
Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP (1998) Silicate regulation of
new production in the equatorial Pacific upwelling.
Nature 391: 270-273
Dugdale RC, Wilkerson FP, Minas HJ (1995) The role of
the silicate pump in driving new production. DeepSea Res 42: 697-719
Eisma D, van Bennekom AJ (1978) The Zaire river and
estuary and the Zaire outflow in the Atlantic ocean.
Neth J Mar Res 12: 255-272
Fischer G, Wefer G (1995) Downward particulate matter
fluxes in the eastern and western equatorial Atlantic: a comparison. In: Tsunogai K, Koike lOT (eds)
Proceedings of the IGBP Symposium on "Global
fluxes of carbon and its related substances in the
coastal sea-ocean-atmosphere system". Hokkaido
University, Sapporo, Japan, pp 317-331
Fischer G, Wefer G (1996) Long-term observation of particle fluxes in the Eastern Atlantic: Seasonality,
changes of flux with depth and comparison with the
sediment record. In: Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G,
Webb DJ (eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past
Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp325-344
Fischer G, Donner B, Ratmeyer V, Davenport B, Wefer G
(1996) Distinct year-to-year flux variations off Cape
Blanc during 1988-1991: relationship to (llsO-deduced sea-surface temperature and trade winds.
JMarRes54: 1-27