On the Reconstruction of Paleosalinities
227
Pflaumann U (1985) Transfer function' 134/6' - a new
approach to estimate sea-surface temperatures and
salinities of the eastern North Atlantic from the planktonic foraminifers in the sediments. "Meteor" Forsch
Ergeb C39: 37-71
Pflaumann U, Duprat J, Pujol C, Labeyrie LD (1996)
SIMMAX: A modem analog technique to deduce
Atlantic sea surface temperatures from planktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments.
Paleoceanography 11: 15-35
Pierre C, Vergnaud-Grazzini C, Faugeres JC (1991) Oxygen and carbon stable isotope tracers of the water
masses in the Central BraziIBasin. Deep-Sea Res 38:
597-606
Prahl FG, Wakeham SG (1987) Calibration of unsaturation
patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for
paleotemperature assessment. Nature 330: 367-369
Prahl FG, Pisias N, Sparrow MA, SabinA (1995) Assessment of sea-surface temperature at 42 ON in
the California Current over the last 30,000 years.
Paleoceanography 10: 763-773
Prell WL (1985) The stability of/ow-latitude sea surface
temperatures: An evaluation of the CLIMAP reconstruction with emphasis on the positive SST anomalies. DeptofEnergy, Washington DC, pp 1-60
Rosell-MeltS A, Egington G, Pflaumann U, Samthein M
(1995) Atlantic core-top calibration of the Uk'J7 index as a sea-surface paleotemperature indicator.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59: 3099-3107
Rostek F, Ruhland G, Bassinot FC, Muller PJ, Labeyrie
LD, Lancelot Y, Bard E (1993) Reconstructing sea
surface temperature and salinity using 8 1 '0 and
alkenone records. Nature 364: 319-321
Rumelhart DG, Hinton GE, Williams RJ (1986) Learning
representations by back-propagating errors. Nature
323: 533-536
Savin SM, Douglas RG (1973) Stable isotope and magnesium geochemistry of recent planktonic
foraminifera from the South Pacific. Geol Soc Amer
Bull 84: 2327-2342
Schneider RR, MUller PJ, Ruhland G (1995) Late Quaternary surface circulation in the east equatorial South
Atlantic: Evidence from alkenone sea surface temperatures. Paleoceanography 10: 197-219
Schulz HD und Fahrtteilnehmer (1991) Bericht und
Ergebnisse der Meteor-Fahrt M16/2, Recife - Belem
(28.04 - 21.05.1991). Ber Fachber Geowiss Univ
Bremen 19,pp 1-149
Showers WJ, Margolis SV (1985) Evidence for a tropical freshwater spike during the last glacial/interglacial transition in the Venezuela Basin: 8 1 '0 and 8 13 C
of calcareous plankton. Mar Geo168: 145-165
Sikes EL, Keigwin LD (1996) A reexamination of the
Northeast Atlantic sea surface temperature and salinity over the last 16 kyr. Paleoceanography II:
327-342
Sikes EL, Volkman JK (1993) Calibration of alkenone
unsaturation ratios (Uk'J7) for paleotemperature estimation in cold polar waters. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta 57: 1883-1889
Spero HJ, Williams DF (1990) Evidence for seasonal lowsalinity surface waters in the Gulf of Mexico over the
last 16,000 years. Paleoceanography 5: 963-975
Spero HJ, BijmaJ, LeaDW, Bemis BE (1997) Effect of
sea-water carbonate concentration on foraminiferal
carbon and oxygen isotopes. Nature 390: 497-500
Sverdrup HU, Johnson MW, Fleming RH (1942) The
oceans: their physics, chemistry and general biology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 1-1087
Urey HC (1947) The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances. J Chern Soc: 562-581
Van Campo E, Duplessy JC, Prell WL, Barratt N, Sabatier
R (1990) Comparison of terrestrial and marine temperature estimates for the past 135 kyr off southeast
Africa: a test for GCM simulations of paleoclimate.
Nature 348: 209-212
Vetshteyn VY, Malyuk GA, Rusanov VP (1974) Oxygen18 distribution in the central arctic basin. Oceanology 14: 514-519
Vincent E, Berger WH (1981) Planktonic foraminifera and
their use in paleoceanography. In: Emiliani C (ed) The
Sea. Wiley-Interscience, NewYork,pp 1025-1119
Vincent E, Shackleton NJ (1980) Agulhas Current temperature distribution delineated by oxygen isotope
analysis of foraminifera in surface sediments.
Cushman Foundation Special Publication 19: 89-95
Vogelsang E (1990) Palao-Ozeanographie des Europaischen Nordmeeres an Hand stabiler Kohlenstoffund Sauerstoffisotope. Ber Sonderforschungsbereich 313 Univ Kie123, pp 1-136
Wang L, Sarnthein M, Duplessy JC, Erlenkeuser H, Jung
S, Pflaumann U (1995) Paleo sea surface salinities in
the low-latitude Atlantic: The 8 1 '0 record of
Globigerinoides ruber (white). Paleoceanography
10:749-761
Washington WM, Parkinson CL (1986) An Introduction
to Three-Dimensional Climate Modelling. University
Science Books, Mill Valley, pp 1-422
Wefer G, Berger WH (1991) Isotope paleontology:
growth and composition of extant calcareous species. Mar Geol 100:207-248
227
Pflaumann U (1985) Transfer function' 134/6' - a new
approach to estimate sea-surface temperatures and
salinities of the eastern North Atlantic from the planktonic foraminifers in the sediments. "Meteor" Forsch
Ergeb C39: 37-71
Pflaumann U, Duprat J, Pujol C, Labeyrie LD (1996)
SIMMAX: A modem analog technique to deduce
Atlantic sea surface temperatures from planktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments.
Paleoceanography 11: 15-35
Pierre C, Vergnaud-Grazzini C, Faugeres JC (1991) Oxygen and carbon stable isotope tracers of the water
masses in the Central BraziIBasin. Deep-Sea Res 38:
597-606
Prahl FG, Wakeham SG (1987) Calibration of unsaturation
patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for
paleotemperature assessment. Nature 330: 367-369
Prahl FG, Pisias N, Sparrow MA, SabinA (1995) Assessment of sea-surface temperature at 42 ON in
the California Current over the last 30,000 years.
Paleoceanography 10: 763-773
Prell WL (1985) The stability of/ow-latitude sea surface
temperatures: An evaluation of the CLIMAP reconstruction with emphasis on the positive SST anomalies. DeptofEnergy, Washington DC, pp 1-60
Rosell-MeltS A, Egington G, Pflaumann U, Samthein M
(1995) Atlantic core-top calibration of the Uk'J7 index as a sea-surface paleotemperature indicator.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59: 3099-3107
Rostek F, Ruhland G, Bassinot FC, Muller PJ, Labeyrie
LD, Lancelot Y, Bard E (1993) Reconstructing sea
surface temperature and salinity using 8 1 '0 and
alkenone records. Nature 364: 319-321
Rumelhart DG, Hinton GE, Williams RJ (1986) Learning
representations by back-propagating errors. Nature
323: 533-536
Savin SM, Douglas RG (1973) Stable isotope and magnesium geochemistry of recent planktonic
foraminifera from the South Pacific. Geol Soc Amer
Bull 84: 2327-2342
Schneider RR, MUller PJ, Ruhland G (1995) Late Quaternary surface circulation in the east equatorial South
Atlantic: Evidence from alkenone sea surface temperatures. Paleoceanography 10: 197-219
Schulz HD und Fahrtteilnehmer (1991) Bericht und
Ergebnisse der Meteor-Fahrt M16/2, Recife - Belem
(28.04 - 21.05.1991). Ber Fachber Geowiss Univ
Bremen 19,pp 1-149
Showers WJ, Margolis SV (1985) Evidence for a tropical freshwater spike during the last glacial/interglacial transition in the Venezuela Basin: 8 1 '0 and 8 13 C
of calcareous plankton. Mar Geo168: 145-165
Sikes EL, Keigwin LD (1996) A reexamination of the
Northeast Atlantic sea surface temperature and salinity over the last 16 kyr. Paleoceanography II:
327-342
Sikes EL, Volkman JK (1993) Calibration of alkenone
unsaturation ratios (Uk'J7) for paleotemperature estimation in cold polar waters. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta 57: 1883-1889
Spero HJ, Williams DF (1990) Evidence for seasonal lowsalinity surface waters in the Gulf of Mexico over the
last 16,000 years. Paleoceanography 5: 963-975
Spero HJ, BijmaJ, LeaDW, Bemis BE (1997) Effect of
sea-water carbonate concentration on foraminiferal
carbon and oxygen isotopes. Nature 390: 497-500
Sverdrup HU, Johnson MW, Fleming RH (1942) The
oceans: their physics, chemistry and general biology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 1-1087
Urey HC (1947) The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances. J Chern Soc: 562-581
Van Campo E, Duplessy JC, Prell WL, Barratt N, Sabatier
R (1990) Comparison of terrestrial and marine temperature estimates for the past 135 kyr off southeast
Africa: a test for GCM simulations of paleoclimate.
Nature 348: 209-212
Vetshteyn VY, Malyuk GA, Rusanov VP (1974) Oxygen18 distribution in the central arctic basin. Oceanology 14: 514-519
Vincent E, Berger WH (1981) Planktonic foraminifera and
their use in paleoceanography. In: Emiliani C (ed) The
Sea. Wiley-Interscience, NewYork,pp 1025-1119
Vincent E, Shackleton NJ (1980) Agulhas Current temperature distribution delineated by oxygen isotope
analysis of foraminifera in surface sediments.
Cushman Foundation Special Publication 19: 89-95
Vogelsang E (1990) Palao-Ozeanographie des Europaischen Nordmeeres an Hand stabiler Kohlenstoffund Sauerstoffisotope. Ber Sonderforschungsbereich 313 Univ Kie123, pp 1-136
Wang L, Sarnthein M, Duplessy JC, Erlenkeuser H, Jung
S, Pflaumann U (1995) Paleo sea surface salinities in
the low-latitude Atlantic: The 8 1 '0 record of
Globigerinoides ruber (white). Paleoceanography
10:749-761
Washington WM, Parkinson CL (1986) An Introduction
to Three-Dimensional Climate Modelling. University
Science Books, Mill Valley, pp 1-422
Wefer G, Berger WH (1991) Isotope paleontology:
growth and composition of extant calcareous species. Mar Geol 100:207-248