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In Part A, a range of fundamental topics in ocean engineering that underlie practical engineering applications
in the marine environment are covered in nine chapters, encompassing physical aspects of oceanography
and marine meteorology, seawater properties, hydrodynamics, marine corrosion, marine electromagnetics,
signal processing and control theory. These topics form
part of a core ocean engineering curriculum aimed at
providing an understanding of the marine environment
together with basic concepts of engineering. These include design, development, and operation of ocean and
coastal structures, marine vehicles, offshore platforms,
ocean renewable energy in its various forms, and a host
of other applications in support of commercial, naval,
and recreational activities in the ocean and in the coastal
zones, and in accommodating sustainable coastal communities and coastal management.
In Chap. 2, elements of physical oceanography,
including surface and internal gravity waves, inertial motion and hurricane-driven storm surge are described. An outline of the wind generated surface
waves, from generation to dissipation is provided. The
roles of turbulence-derived oceanic friction in Ekman
dynamics/upwelling-downwelling are described. The
tides and geostrophic flow in wind- and thermohalinedriven circulations are discussed.
In Chap. 3 the ocean and atmosphere (metocean)
conditions that govern the design and operation of manmade structures, facilities, and vessels are described.
Metocean environments that allow routine operations
and extreme storm-related environments are considered. Methods commonly used in the offshore oil and
gas industry to quantify the most important metocean
variables, associated with winds, waves, and currents
that impact offshore facilities are outlined. Applications of the methods include the design and operation
of vessels, coastal structures, offshore wind farms, navigational aids, coastal geomorphology, and pollution
studies.
In Chap. 4, the mechanics of water waves and
wave-body interactions pertaining to ocean and coastal
engineering based on linear and weakly-nonlinear wave
theories are reviewed. Numerical methods based on
Green’s theorem and mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian formulation for fully nonlinear wave and wave-body interaction problems are discussed, together with methods to
determine the wave forces on fixed and floating structures, including the viscous drag force.
In Chap. 5, the principal physical properties of seawater, including pressure, temperature, salinity, density,
density anomaly, specific heat, and thermal expansion
are described. The typical global ocean profiles and
distribution maps of surface temperature, salinity, and
density anomaly are provided. Other oceanic properties, including stability of oceanic water columns, use
of temperature-salinity diagrams in identifying water
masses, seawater freezing, as well as oceanic sound
transmission and light are described.
In Chap. 6, the corrosion processes due to exposure to marine environments over extended periods are
reviewed. Mathematical models for the prediction of
corrosion and pitting of structural steels are described.
The effects of various influencing factors are considered, including that of seawater quality and the effect
of microorganisms on corrosion. Corrosion of various
materials, including stainless steels, aluminum, coppernickels, and steel reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete
is considered.
In Chap. 7, a reference source for concepts in hydromechanics is provided with the aim of providing the
working knowledge for solving practical ocean engineering problems. A range of topics is covered, including dimensional analysis, static and dynamic flows, potential and viscous flows, laminar and turbulent flows,
boundary layers, wakes, jets and shear layers, and drag
and lift forces.
In Chap. 8, properties of electric and magnetic
fields within the electrically conducting ocean are
described. The mathematical descriptions, based on
Maxwell’s equations, of electromagnetic fields and
dipole sources within a conducting media are developed. The differences between plane wave reflection
and transmission at the surface of freshwater and seawater are used to highlight how electromagnetic propagation within the electrically conducting ocean is so
very different to the more familiar radio frequency
transmissions in air. A brief discussion of ocean electromagnetics at optical wavelengths is also provided.
In Chap. 9, an overview of digital signal processing
is provided. The concept of discrete-time signals and
sampled-data systems implemented on digital hardware
vs. those of practical continuous-time signals driving
analog systems and processes is discussed. The discrete
Fourier transform and the Z-transform are introduced as
tools for analysis of time series of data. A brief account
of digital filter structures and types is provided. Random signals and stochastic processes are considered,
together with concepts of optimal signal estimation.
In Chap. 10, the basics of control theory are described and its application to ocean engineering is illustrated by specific examples. Fundamentals of systems
science and theory are discussed. Stability and controllability of linear, time invariant systems are presented.
In Part A, a range of fundamental topics in ocean engineering that underlie practical engineering applications
in the marine environment are covered in nine chapters, encompassing physical aspects of oceanography
and marine meteorology, seawater properties, hydrodynamics, marine corrosion, marine electromagnetics,
signal processing and control theory. These topics form
part of a core ocean engineering curriculum aimed at
providing an understanding of the marine environment
together with basic concepts of engineering. These include design, development, and operation of ocean and
coastal structures, marine vehicles, offshore platforms,
ocean renewable energy in its various forms, and a host
of other applications in support of commercial, naval,
and recreational activities in the ocean and in the coastal
zones, and in accommodating sustainable coastal communities and coastal management.
In Chap. 2, elements of physical oceanography,
including surface and internal gravity waves, inertial motion and hurricane-driven storm surge are described. An outline of the wind generated surface
waves, from generation to dissipation is provided. The
roles of turbulence-derived oceanic friction in Ekman
dynamics/upwelling-downwelling are described. The
tides and geostrophic flow in wind- and thermohalinedriven circulations are discussed.
In Chap. 3 the ocean and atmosphere (metocean)
conditions that govern the design and operation of manmade structures, facilities, and vessels are described.
Metocean environments that allow routine operations
and extreme storm-related environments are considered. Methods commonly used in the offshore oil and
gas industry to quantify the most important metocean
variables, associated with winds, waves, and currents
that impact offshore facilities are outlined. Applications of the methods include the design and operation
of vessels, coastal structures, offshore wind farms, navigational aids, coastal geomorphology, and pollution
studies.
In Chap. 4, the mechanics of water waves and
wave-body interactions pertaining to ocean and coastal
engineering based on linear and weakly-nonlinear wave
theories are reviewed. Numerical methods based on
Green’s theorem and mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian formulation for fully nonlinear wave and wave-body interaction problems are discussed, together with methods to
determine the wave forces on fixed and floating structures, including the viscous drag force.
In Chap. 5, the principal physical properties of seawater, including pressure, temperature, salinity, density,
density anomaly, specific heat, and thermal expansion
are described. The typical global ocean profiles and
distribution maps of surface temperature, salinity, and
density anomaly are provided. Other oceanic properties, including stability of oceanic water columns, use
of temperature-salinity diagrams in identifying water
masses, seawater freezing, as well as oceanic sound
transmission and light are described.
In Chap. 6, the corrosion processes due to exposure to marine environments over extended periods are
reviewed. Mathematical models for the prediction of
corrosion and pitting of structural steels are described.
The effects of various influencing factors are considered, including that of seawater quality and the effect
of microorganisms on corrosion. Corrosion of various
materials, including stainless steels, aluminum, coppernickels, and steel reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete
is considered.
In Chap. 7, a reference source for concepts in hydromechanics is provided with the aim of providing the
working knowledge for solving practical ocean engineering problems. A range of topics is covered, including dimensional analysis, static and dynamic flows, potential and viscous flows, laminar and turbulent flows,
boundary layers, wakes, jets and shear layers, and drag
and lift forces.
In Chap. 8, properties of electric and magnetic
fields within the electrically conducting ocean are
described. The mathematical descriptions, based on
Maxwell’s equations, of electromagnetic fields and
dipole sources within a conducting media are developed. The differences between plane wave reflection
and transmission at the surface of freshwater and seawater are used to highlight how electromagnetic propagation within the electrically conducting ocean is so
very different to the more familiar radio frequency
transmissions in air. A brief discussion of ocean electromagnetics at optical wavelengths is also provided.
In Chap. 9, an overview of digital signal processing
is provided. The concept of discrete-time signals and
sampled-data systems implemented on digital hardware
vs. those of practical continuous-time signals driving
analog systems and processes is discussed. The discrete
Fourier transform and the Z-transform are introduced as
tools for analysis of time series of data. A brief account
of digital filter structures and types is provided. Random signals and stochastic processes are considered,
together with concepts of optimal signal estimation.
In Chap. 10, the basics of control theory are described and its application to ocean engineering is illustrated by specific examples. Fundamentals of systems
science and theory are discussed. Stability and controllability of linear, time invariant systems are presented.