Acoustic Communication References 383
Part B | 15
15.6 Future Trends
As underwater acoustic modem technology keeps
evolving, new research trends appear. The most obvious trend is the development of message format and
protocols optimized for a specific application. A good
example is the development of the compact control language (CCL) for unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV)
applications [15.23]. Another example is digital diver
modems. In addition, data compression algorithms tailored for underwater acoustic modems have now been
developed, as traditional compression routines are often
not well suited to this type of communication system. The integration of underwater acoustic modems in
larger system now includes the combination of multiple functions in order to reduce cost, size, and power
consumption. For example, several underwater acoustic
modems also include long-baseline and/or ultra-short
baseline acoustic positioning capability [15.110, 111].
Some of the most innovative research in underwater
communication now combines various modalities, such
as optics (laser, lidar), and magnetic and electromagnetic signaling with broadband acoustics [15.112]. In
particular, excellent work is taking place in combining
short-range, high-bit-rate underwater communications
with slower, longer-range underwater acoustic communications. Finally, one should not overlook the extensive
research work taking place to develop better acoustic
propagation models and statistical performance models [15.113]. For example, great efforts are being made
in modeling and optimizing network operations using
underwater acoustic modems, possibly in combination with surface radio communication devices. Also,
integrated underwater acoustic communications and localization are increasingly being combined to improve
data routing [15.114].
References
15.1
X. Che, I. Wells, G. Dickers, P. Kear, X. Gong: Reevaluation of RF electromagnetic communication
in underwater sensor networks, IEEE Commun.
Mag. 48(12), 143–151 (2010)
15.2
N. Farr, A. Bowen, J. Ware, C. Pontbriand, M. Tivey:
An integrated, underwater optical /acoustic communications system, Proc. IEEE OCEANS’10 (2010)
pp. 1–6
15.3
L. Freitag, S. Singh: Performance of micro-modem PSK signaling under variable conditions during the 2008 RACE and SPACE experiments, Proc.
MTS/IEEE OCEANS’09 (2009) pp. 1–8
15.4
L. Freitag, M. Stojanovic: Basin-scale acoustic
communication: a feasibility study using tomography m-sequences, Proc. MTS/IEEE OCEANS’01,
Vol. 4 (2001) pp. 2256–2261
15.5
L. Freitag, M. Johnson, D. Frye: High-rate acoustic
communications for ocean observatories-performance testing over a 3000 vertical path, Proc.
MTS/IEEE OCEANS’00, Vol. 2 (2000) pp. 1443–1448
15.6
A. Quazi, W. Konrad: Underwater acoustic communications, IEEE Commun. Mag. 20(2), 24–30
(1982)
15.7
A.B. Baggeroer, D.E. Koelsch, K. von der Heydt,
J. Catipovic: DATS - A digital acoustic telemetry system for underwater communications, Proc.
IEEE OCEANS’81 (1981) pp. 55–60
15.8
J. Catipovic, D. Brady, S. Etchemendy: Development of underwater acoustic modems and networks, Oceanography 6(3), 112–119 (1993)
15.9
M.D. Green, J.A. Rice: Channel-tolerant FH-MFSK
acoustic signaling for undersea communications
and networks, IEEE-JOE 25(1), 28–39 (2000)
15.10
M. Stojanovic, J.A. Catipovic, J.G. Proakis: Phasecoherent digital communications for underwater
acoustic channels, IEEE-JOE 19(1), 100–111 (1994)
15.11
S. Singh, S.E. Webster, L. Freitag, L.L. Whitcomb,
K. Ball, J. Bailey, C. Taylor: Acoustic communication performance of the WHOI micro-modem in
sea trials of the Nereus vehicle to 11,000 m depth,
Proc. IEEE OCEANS’09 (2009) pp. 1–6
15.12
J.R. Potter, A. Berni, J. Alves, D. Merani, G. Zappa,
R. Been: Underwater communications protocols
and architecture developments at NURC, Proc.
IEEE OCEANS’11 (2011) pp. 1–6
15.13
V. Tunnicliffe, C.R. Barnes, R. Dewey: Major advances in cabled ocean observatories (VENUS and
NEPTUNE Canada) in coastal and deep sea settings,
Proc. IEEE/OES US/EU-Balt. Int. Symp. (2008) pp. 1–
7
15.14
T.B. Curtin, J.G. Bellingham, J. Catipovic, D. Webb:
Autonomous oceanographic sampling networks,
Oceanography 6(3), 86–94 (1993)
15.15
Teledyne Benthos: https://teledynebenthos.com/
product/acoustic_modems/910-series-atm-916
15.16
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: http://
acomms.whoi.edu/micro-modem
15.17
LinkQuest Inc.: http://www.link-quest.com/
html/uwm1000.htm
15.18
EvoLogics: http://www.evologics.de/en/products/
acoustics/index.html
15.19
Sercel: http://www.sercel.com/products/Pages/
mats3g.aspx
15.20
L-3 Oceania: http://www2.l-3com.com/oceania/
products/uc_modem.htm
15.21
Tritech:
http://www.tritech.co.uk/product/
micron-data-modem
15.22
P.-P.J. Beaujean, E. Carlson: HERMES – A high
bit-rate underwater acoustic modem operating
at high-frequencies for ports and shallow wa-
Part B | 15
15.6 Future Trends
As underwater acoustic modem technology keeps
evolving, new research trends appear. The most obvious trend is the development of message format and
protocols optimized for a specific application. A good
example is the development of the compact control language (CCL) for unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV)
applications [15.23]. Another example is digital diver
modems. In addition, data compression algorithms tailored for underwater acoustic modems have now been
developed, as traditional compression routines are often
not well suited to this type of communication system. The integration of underwater acoustic modems in
larger system now includes the combination of multiple functions in order to reduce cost, size, and power
consumption. For example, several underwater acoustic
modems also include long-baseline and/or ultra-short
baseline acoustic positioning capability [15.110, 111].
Some of the most innovative research in underwater
communication now combines various modalities, such
as optics (laser, lidar), and magnetic and electromagnetic signaling with broadband acoustics [15.112]. In
particular, excellent work is taking place in combining
short-range, high-bit-rate underwater communications
with slower, longer-range underwater acoustic communications. Finally, one should not overlook the extensive
research work taking place to develop better acoustic
propagation models and statistical performance models [15.113]. For example, great efforts are being made
in modeling and optimizing network operations using
underwater acoustic modems, possibly in combination with surface radio communication devices. Also,
integrated underwater acoustic communications and localization are increasingly being combined to improve
data routing [15.114].
References
15.1
X. Che, I. Wells, G. Dickers, P. Kear, X. Gong: Reevaluation of RF electromagnetic communication
in underwater sensor networks, IEEE Commun.
Mag. 48(12), 143–151 (2010)
15.2
N. Farr, A. Bowen, J. Ware, C. Pontbriand, M. Tivey:
An integrated, underwater optical /acoustic communications system, Proc. IEEE OCEANS’10 (2010)
pp. 1–6
15.3
L. Freitag, S. Singh: Performance of micro-modem PSK signaling under variable conditions during the 2008 RACE and SPACE experiments, Proc.
MTS/IEEE OCEANS’09 (2009) pp. 1–8
15.4
L. Freitag, M. Stojanovic: Basin-scale acoustic
communication: a feasibility study using tomography m-sequences, Proc. MTS/IEEE OCEANS’01,
Vol. 4 (2001) pp. 2256–2261
15.5
L. Freitag, M. Johnson, D. Frye: High-rate acoustic
communications for ocean observatories-performance testing over a 3000 vertical path, Proc.
MTS/IEEE OCEANS’00, Vol. 2 (2000) pp. 1443–1448
15.6
A. Quazi, W. Konrad: Underwater acoustic communications, IEEE Commun. Mag. 20(2), 24–30
(1982)
15.7
A.B. Baggeroer, D.E. Koelsch, K. von der Heydt,
J. Catipovic: DATS - A digital acoustic telemetry system for underwater communications, Proc.
IEEE OCEANS’81 (1981) pp. 55–60
15.8
J. Catipovic, D. Brady, S. Etchemendy: Development of underwater acoustic modems and networks, Oceanography 6(3), 112–119 (1993)
15.9
M.D. Green, J.A. Rice: Channel-tolerant FH-MFSK
acoustic signaling for undersea communications
and networks, IEEE-JOE 25(1), 28–39 (2000)
15.10
M. Stojanovic, J.A. Catipovic, J.G. Proakis: Phasecoherent digital communications for underwater
acoustic channels, IEEE-JOE 19(1), 100–111 (1994)
15.11
S. Singh, S.E. Webster, L. Freitag, L.L. Whitcomb,
K. Ball, J. Bailey, C. Taylor: Acoustic communication performance of the WHOI micro-modem in
sea trials of the Nereus vehicle to 11,000 m depth,
Proc. IEEE OCEANS’09 (2009) pp. 1–6
15.12
J.R. Potter, A. Berni, J. Alves, D. Merani, G. Zappa,
R. Been: Underwater communications protocols
and architecture developments at NURC, Proc.
IEEE OCEANS’11 (2011) pp. 1–6
15.13
V. Tunnicliffe, C.R. Barnes, R. Dewey: Major advances in cabled ocean observatories (VENUS and
NEPTUNE Canada) in coastal and deep sea settings,
Proc. IEEE/OES US/EU-Balt. Int. Symp. (2008) pp. 1–
7
15.14
T.B. Curtin, J.G. Bellingham, J. Catipovic, D. Webb:
Autonomous oceanographic sampling networks,
Oceanography 6(3), 86–94 (1993)
15.15
Teledyne Benthos: https://teledynebenthos.com/
product/acoustic_modems/910-series-atm-916
15.16
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: http://
acomms.whoi.edu/micro-modem
15.17
LinkQuest Inc.: http://www.link-quest.com/
html/uwm1000.htm
15.18
EvoLogics: http://www.evologics.de/en/products/
acoustics/index.html
15.19
Sercel: http://www.sercel.com/products/Pages/
mats3g.aspx
15.20
L-3 Oceania: http://www2.l-3com.com/oceania/
products/uc_modem.htm
15.21
Tritech:
http://www.tritech.co.uk/product/
micron-data-modem
15.22
P.-P.J. Beaujean, E. Carlson: HERMES – A high
bit-rate underwater acoustic modem operating
at high-frequencies for ports and shallow wa-