133
Applets for mobile phones and tablets incorporating these approaches further
extend the immediacy of data access to users at sea, even aboard small craft. Today
it is possible for most, anyone with access to a smartphone, a cellular telephone
with internet capability, to be aware of the state of wind or current speed, of temperature, and of salinity (and of most of the other variables discussed in this book)
at any point throughout a distributed observing network in near-real time depending
only on the programmed reporting lag. ODAS buoys and HF radar stations for
example typically report once an hour, while gliders may exhibit a time lag of three
or more hours between surfacing. Virtual buoys, fixed-location output of dataingesting numerical models, provide nowcasts and forecasts in digital and graphical
format for a wide number of fixed sites at sea, many of these user selected.
Representative graphical products from the 11 US ICOOS regional observing systems may be viewed through access to the IOOS home page at: https://ioos.noaa.
gov/ (accessed 1/20/2018).
References
Anselmi-Molina CM, Canals M, Morell J, Gonzalez J, Capella J, Mercado A. Development of
an operational nearshore wave forecast system for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
J Coast Res. 2012;28(5):1049–56.
Brown SW, Flora SJ, Feinholz ME, Yarbrough MA, Houlihan T, Peters D, Kim YS, Mueller J,
Johnson BC, Clark DK. The Marine Optical BuoY (MOBY) radiometric calibration and uncertainty budget for ocean color satellite sensor vicarious calibration Proceedings of the SPIE
optics and photonics; sensors, systems, and next-generation satellites XI. 2007;6744:67441M.
Chen C, Huang H, Beardsley RC, Liu H, Xu Q, Cowles G. A finite volume numerical approach for
coastal ocean circulation studies: Comparisons with finite difference models. J Geophys Res.
2007;112(C3):C03018.
Corredor JE, Amador A, Canals M, Rivera S, Capella JE, Morell JM, Glenn S, Handel E, Rivera
E, Roarty H. Optimizing and validating high frequency radar surface current measurements in
the Mona passage. Mar Technol Soc J. 2011;45(3):49–58.
Haldivogel DB, et al. Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: formulation and
skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System. J Comput Phys. 2008;227(7):
3595–624.
U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System. Manual for real-time quality control of in-situ temperature and salinity data version 2.0: a guide to quality control and quality assurance of in-situ
temperature and salinity observations. Silver Spring: NOAA US National Atmospheric and
Oceanic Administration; 2015a. p. 56.
U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System. Manual for real-time quality control of ocean optics
data: a guide to quality control and quality assurance of coastal and oceanic optics observations. Sivler Spring: NOAA, US National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration; 2015b.
p. 46.
U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System. Manual for real-time quality control of high frequency
radar surface currents data: a guide to quality control and quality assurance of high frequency
radar surface currents data observations. Silver Spring: NOAA; 2016. p. 58.
Willmott CJ, Robeson SM, Matsuura K. Climate and other models may be more accurate than
reported. EOS. 2017;98(9):13–4.
References
Applets for mobile phones and tablets incorporating these approaches further
extend the immediacy of data access to users at sea, even aboard small craft. Today
it is possible for most, anyone with access to a smartphone, a cellular telephone
with internet capability, to be aware of the state of wind or current speed, of temperature, and of salinity (and of most of the other variables discussed in this book)
at any point throughout a distributed observing network in near-real time depending
only on the programmed reporting lag. ODAS buoys and HF radar stations for
example typically report once an hour, while gliders may exhibit a time lag of three
or more hours between surfacing. Virtual buoys, fixed-location output of dataingesting numerical models, provide nowcasts and forecasts in digital and graphical
format for a wide number of fixed sites at sea, many of these user selected.
Representative graphical products from the 11 US ICOOS regional observing systems may be viewed through access to the IOOS home page at: https://ioos.noaa.
gov/ (accessed 1/20/2018).
References
Anselmi-Molina CM, Canals M, Morell J, Gonzalez J, Capella J, Mercado A. Development of
an operational nearshore wave forecast system for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
J Coast Res. 2012;28(5):1049–56.
Brown SW, Flora SJ, Feinholz ME, Yarbrough MA, Houlihan T, Peters D, Kim YS, Mueller J,
Johnson BC, Clark DK. The Marine Optical BuoY (MOBY) radiometric calibration and uncertainty budget for ocean color satellite sensor vicarious calibration Proceedings of the SPIE
optics and photonics; sensors, systems, and next-generation satellites XI. 2007;6744:67441M.
Chen C, Huang H, Beardsley RC, Liu H, Xu Q, Cowles G. A finite volume numerical approach for
coastal ocean circulation studies: Comparisons with finite difference models. J Geophys Res.
2007;112(C3):C03018.
Corredor JE, Amador A, Canals M, Rivera S, Capella JE, Morell JM, Glenn S, Handel E, Rivera
E, Roarty H. Optimizing and validating high frequency radar surface current measurements in
the Mona passage. Mar Technol Soc J. 2011;45(3):49–58.
Haldivogel DB, et al. Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: formulation and
skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System. J Comput Phys. 2008;227(7):
3595–624.
U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System. Manual for real-time quality control of in-situ temperature and salinity data version 2.0: a guide to quality control and quality assurance of in-situ
temperature and salinity observations. Silver Spring: NOAA US National Atmospheric and
Oceanic Administration; 2015a. p. 56.
U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System. Manual for real-time quality control of ocean optics
data: a guide to quality control and quality assurance of coastal and oceanic optics observations. Sivler Spring: NOAA, US National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration; 2015b.
p. 46.
U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System. Manual for real-time quality control of high frequency
radar surface currents data: a guide to quality control and quality assurance of high frequency
radar surface currents data observations. Silver Spring: NOAA; 2016. p. 58.
Willmott CJ, Robeson SM, Matsuura K. Climate and other models may be more accurate than
reported. EOS. 2017;98(9):13–4.
References