258
Paleoceanography - the Deep-Sea Record
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Quaternary 1-<------- Tertiary
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100 135 .150 180
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AGE (10 8 yr)
Fig. 9.11 a, b. Schematic diagram of the planetary cooling trend in the Cenozoic. a Generalized se a
level curve, showing overall regression (1. Thiede et aI., 1992, Polarforschung 61 [1] : 1; based on a
compilation by L. A. Frakes). b Oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic and benthic foraminifera
in deep-sea sediments. Vertical lin es marked MM and EO show approximate position of major
cooling steps, which involve high latitudes and deep ocean water masses. [W. H. Berger, E. Vincent,
H. R. Thierste in, 1981 , SEPM Spec. Publ. 32: 489, based on data of R. G. Douglas and S. M. Savin
(1975), central Pacific, and N. J. Shackleton and J. Kennett (1975). subantarctic Pacific]