Table of Contents
1 Introduction and Basic Principles of Isotope Geochemistry .......................... 1
1.1 Stable Isotopes .................................................................................................... I
1.2 Radiogenic Isotopes ............................................................................................ 2
1.2. I The Rb-Sr Method ............................................................................. 3
1.2.2 The U-Th-Pb Method .......................................................................... 5
1.2.3 The Sm-Nd Method ............................................................................ 5
1.2.4 The K-Ar Method ................................................................................ 6
1.3 Pb. Sr and Nd Isotopes as Geochemical "Tracers". ........................................... 7
1.4 Elemental Residence T i m e s .............................................................................. 9
1.5 References ....................................................................................................... 10
2 Weathering ........................................................................................................ 11
2.1 Weathering of the Whole Rock ........................................................................ 12
2.2 Weathering of Biotite and Muscovite Mica ..................................................... 14
2.3 Weathering of Feldspars .................................................................................. 19
2.4- Products of Chemical Weathering .................................................................... 20
2.5 The Sr Isotopic Composition of Fluid Phases in Weathered Profiles; an
Isotopic Model for Rock Weathering .............................................................. 24
2.6 References ........................................................................................................ 30
3 Isotope Geochemistry of River Water ............................................................ 33
3.1 Sr Isotopes in River Water ............................................................................... 34
3.2 Nd Isotopes and the Rare Earths (REE) in River Water .................................. 36
3.3 References ........................................................................................................ 45
4 Isotope Geochemistry in the Environment- ..................................................... 47
4.1 Heavy Metals in the Environment .................................................................... 49
4.2 Migration of Contaminated River Water into Groundwater Systems .............. 63
1 Introduction and Basic Principles of Isotope Geochemistry .......................... 1
1.1 Stable Isotopes .................................................................................................... I
1.2 Radiogenic Isotopes ............................................................................................ 2
1.2. I The Rb-Sr Method ............................................................................. 3
1.2.2 The U-Th-Pb Method .......................................................................... 5
1.2.3 The Sm-Nd Method ............................................................................ 5
1.2.4 The K-Ar Method ................................................................................ 6
1.3 Pb. Sr and Nd Isotopes as Geochemical "Tracers". ........................................... 7
1.4 Elemental Residence T i m e s .............................................................................. 9
1.5 References ....................................................................................................... 10
2 Weathering ........................................................................................................ 11
2.1 Weathering of the Whole Rock ........................................................................ 12
2.2 Weathering of Biotite and Muscovite Mica ..................................................... 14
2.3 Weathering of Feldspars .................................................................................. 19
2.4- Products of Chemical Weathering .................................................................... 20
2.5 The Sr Isotopic Composition of Fluid Phases in Weathered Profiles; an
Isotopic Model for Rock Weathering .............................................................. 24
2.6 References ........................................................................................................ 30
3 Isotope Geochemistry of River Water ............................................................ 33
3.1 Sr Isotopes in River Water ............................................................................... 34
3.2 Nd Isotopes and the Rare Earths (REE) in River Water .................................. 36
3.3 References ........................................................................................................ 45
4 Isotope Geochemistry in the Environment- ..................................................... 47
4.1 Heavy Metals in the Environment .................................................................... 49
4.2 Migration of Contaminated River Water into Groundwater Systems .............. 63