67
Table 2A-1 Physical properties of sediment forming minerals, at laboratory conditions (20°C temperature, 1 at
pressure). After
1 Wohlenberg (1982) and
2 Gebrande (1982).
Table 2A-2 Physical properties of sea water, at laboratory conditions (20°C temperature, 1 at pressure, 35 ‰
salinity). After
1 Wille (1986) and
2 Siedler and Peters (1986).
e.g. with Biot-Stoll’s sediment model (Sect. 2.4.1).
Table 2A-1 provides an overview on densities and
bulk moduli of some typical sediment forming
minerals.
Density (ρ f ), bulk modulus (K f ), viscosity (η),
sound velocity (v P ), sound attenuation coefficient
(α) and electrical resistivity (R f ) of sea water
depend on salinity, temperature and pressure.
Table 2A-2 summarizes their values at laboratory
conditions, i.e. 20°C temperature, 1 at pressure
and 35‰ salinity.
B:
Corrections to Laboratory and In
Situ Conditions
Measurements of physical properties are usually
carried out under laboratory conditions, i.e. room
temperature (20°C) and atmospheric pressure (1 at).
Mineral
Density
1 ρ g [g cm
-3 ]
Bulk Modulus
2 Κ g [10
9 Pa]
terrigenous sediments
quartz
2.649 - 2.697
37.6 - 38.1 (trigonal)
biotite
2.692 - 3.160
42.0 - 60.0
muscovite
2.770 - 2.880
43.0 - 62.0
hornblende
3.000 - 3.500
84.0 - 90.0
calcareous sediments
calcite
2.699 - 2.882
70.0 - 76.0
siliceous sediments
opal
2.060 - 2.300
no data
Appendix
Parameter
Value
sound velocity
1 v P [m s
-1
]
1521 m s
-1
sound attenuation coefficient
1 α [10
-3 dB m
-1
]
4 kHz
∼0.25
10 kHz
∼0.80
100 kHz
∼ 40
400 kHz
∼ 120
1000 kHz
∼ 300
density
2 ρf [g/cm
-3
]
1.024
bulk modulus
2 Κf [10
9 Pa]
2.37
viscosity
2 η [10
-3 Pa⋅s]
1.07
electrical resistivity
2 R f [Ω⋅m]
0.21