VIII
Contents
4. Hydrothermal Sulfur Isotope Distribution Experiments
36
V. Selenium
38
VI. Boron
39
VII. Nitrogen
40
VIII. Silicon
42
IX. Chlorine and Bromine
43
1. Chlorine . . . .
43
2. Bromine . . . .
43
X. Alkali and Earth Alkali Elements
43
1. Lithium
44
2. Potassium
45
3. Magnesium
45
4. Calcium
46
C. Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios in Nature
. . . . . . . 48
I. Extraterrestrial Materials: Meteorites, Tektites, Lunar
Materials
48
1. Meteorites
48
2. Tektites
50
3. Lunar Material
51
II. Igneous Rocks
52
1. Magmatic Water
58
2. Sulfur Isotope Composition
60
3. Carbon Isotope Composition
61
III. Volcanic Gases and Geothermal Waters
62
IV. Ore Deposits
. . . . . . . . . . .
1. Sulfur Isotope Ratios of Ore Deposits
2. Hydrothermal Carbonates
3. Wall Rock Alteration
65
66
68
69
V. Water Cycle . . . . .
70
1. Ocean Water
74
2. The Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Compounds in
Natural Water . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
a) Carbon Species in Water . . . . . . . . . . . 75
b) Sulfate in Ocean Water and Fresh Water
. . . . 76
c) Evolution of the <5 34 S of Ocean Water during the
Geologic Past
79
VI. Atmosphere
79