Basic Principles of Mass Spectrometry
11
ods of atomic and molecular spectroscopy are based on the existence of
separable spectrum lines characteristic of the various isotopes or of isotopic molecules.
Mass-spectrometric methods are by far the most effective for measuring isotopic abundance ratios. The first mass spectrographs were built in
1918 by DEMPSTER at the University of Chicago, and in 1919 by ASTON at
the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England. Recently, several
types of mass spectrometers have been developed to cover the whole
field of application. Much literature has been published about mass
spectrometry and its application. Examples are BARNARD (1953),
EWALD and HINTENBERGER (1953), INGHRAM and HAYDEN (1954),
Fig. 5. Paths of electrons and ions in a mass spectrometer. For a description, see the
text. Legend: A analyzer exit plate; EB electron beam; EC electron collector; F
filament; H ions too heavy to be collected; IC ion collector plate; L ions too light
to be collected; M" M2 magnet poles; PI. Pz, P3 parallel planes; RB resolved ion
beam; UB unresolved ion beam. (From RANKAMA, 1954)
11
ods of atomic and molecular spectroscopy are based on the existence of
separable spectrum lines characteristic of the various isotopes or of isotopic molecules.
Mass-spectrometric methods are by far the most effective for measuring isotopic abundance ratios. The first mass spectrographs were built in
1918 by DEMPSTER at the University of Chicago, and in 1919 by ASTON at
the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England. Recently, several
types of mass spectrometers have been developed to cover the whole
field of application. Much literature has been published about mass
spectrometry and its application. Examples are BARNARD (1953),
EWALD and HINTENBERGER (1953), INGHRAM and HAYDEN (1954),
Fig. 5. Paths of electrons and ions in a mass spectrometer. For a description, see the
text. Legend: A analyzer exit plate; EB electron beam; EC electron collector; F
filament; H ions too heavy to be collected; IC ion collector plate; L ions too light
to be collected; M" M2 magnet poles; PI. Pz, P3 parallel planes; RB resolved ion
beam; UB unresolved ion beam. (From RANKAMA, 1954)