54
A.D. Del Genio
subset of climate models that get the same answer for the same reason, verified by data for the
current climate, will eventually define the true range of uncertainty, until actual detection of
decadal climate change settles the issue once and for all.
Acknowledgments
I thank William Kovari for assistance with the figures used in this paper. This research was
supported by the NASA Climate Modeling, FIRE III and Earth Observing System Interdisciplinary Programs, and the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program.
2.6 References
Barkstrom BR (1984) The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). Bull Amer Meteor
Soc 67: 1170-1185
Betts AK, Harshvardhan (1987) Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback in climate models. J Geophys Res 92: 8483-8485
Broecker WS (1991) The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography 4: 79-89
Cess RD, Potter GL, Blanchet JP, Boer GJ, Del Genio AD, Deque M, Dymnikov
V, Galin V, Gates WL, Ghan SJ, Kiehl JT, Lads AA, Le Treut H, Li Z-X, Liang XZ, McAvaney BJ, Meleshko VP, Mitchell JFB, Morcrette J-J, Randall DA, Rikus
L, Roeckner EE, Royer JF, Schlese D, Sheinin DA, Slingo A, Sokolov AP, Taylor
KE, Washington WM, Wetherald RT, Yagai I, Zhang M-H (1990) Intercomparison
and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models.
J Geophys Res 95: 16601-16615
Cess RD, Zhang MH, Minnis P, Corsetti L, Dutton EG, Forgan BW, Garber DP,
Gates WL, Hack JJ, Harrison EF, Jing X, Kiehl JT, Long CN, Morcrette J-J,
Potter GL, Ramanathan V, Subasilar B, Whitlock CH, Young DF, Zhou Y (1995)
Absorption of solar radiation by clouds: Observations versus models. Science 267: 496-499
Cess RD, Zhang MH, Potter GL, Alekseev V, Barker HW, Cohen-Solal E, Colman
RA, Dazlich DA, Del Genio AD, Dix MR, Dymnikov V, Esch M, Fowler LD, Fraser
JR, Galin V, Gates WL, Hack JJ, Ingram WJ, Kiehl JT, Le Treut H, Lo KK-W,
McAvaney BJ, Meleshko VP, Morcrette J-J, Randall DA, Roeckner E, Royer JF, Schlesinger ME, Sporyshev PV, Timbal B, Volodin EM, Taylor KE, Wang W,
Wetherald RT (1996) Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation models: An update.
J Geophys Res, submitted
Charlson RJ, Lovelock JE, Andreae MO, Warren SG (1987) Oceanic phytoplankton,
atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326: 655-661
Charlson RJ, Langner J, Rodhe H, Leovy CB, Warren SG (1991) Perturbation of the
northern hemisphere radiative balance by backscattering from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols.
Tel/us 43AB: 152-163
Charlson RJ, Schwartz SE, Hales JM, Cess RD, Coakley JA, Hansen JE, Hofmann
DJ (1992) Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science 255: 423-430
Curry JA, Ebert EE (1992) Annual cycle of radiation fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: Sensitivity to cloud optical properties. J Climate 5: 1267-1280
Dai A (1995) Global precipitation variability and its relationship with other climate changes.
Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York
A.D. Del Genio
subset of climate models that get the same answer for the same reason, verified by data for the
current climate, will eventually define the true range of uncertainty, until actual detection of
decadal climate change settles the issue once and for all.
Acknowledgments
I thank William Kovari for assistance with the figures used in this paper. This research was
supported by the NASA Climate Modeling, FIRE III and Earth Observing System Interdisciplinary Programs, and the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program.
2.6 References
Barkstrom BR (1984) The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). Bull Amer Meteor
Soc 67: 1170-1185
Betts AK, Harshvardhan (1987) Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback in climate models. J Geophys Res 92: 8483-8485
Broecker WS (1991) The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography 4: 79-89
Cess RD, Potter GL, Blanchet JP, Boer GJ, Del Genio AD, Deque M, Dymnikov
V, Galin V, Gates WL, Ghan SJ, Kiehl JT, Lads AA, Le Treut H, Li Z-X, Liang XZ, McAvaney BJ, Meleshko VP, Mitchell JFB, Morcrette J-J, Randall DA, Rikus
L, Roeckner EE, Royer JF, Schlese D, Sheinin DA, Slingo A, Sokolov AP, Taylor
KE, Washington WM, Wetherald RT, Yagai I, Zhang M-H (1990) Intercomparison
and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models.
J Geophys Res 95: 16601-16615
Cess RD, Zhang MH, Minnis P, Corsetti L, Dutton EG, Forgan BW, Garber DP,
Gates WL, Hack JJ, Harrison EF, Jing X, Kiehl JT, Long CN, Morcrette J-J,
Potter GL, Ramanathan V, Subasilar B, Whitlock CH, Young DF, Zhou Y (1995)
Absorption of solar radiation by clouds: Observations versus models. Science 267: 496-499
Cess RD, Zhang MH, Potter GL, Alekseev V, Barker HW, Cohen-Solal E, Colman
RA, Dazlich DA, Del Genio AD, Dix MR, Dymnikov V, Esch M, Fowler LD, Fraser
JR, Galin V, Gates WL, Hack JJ, Ingram WJ, Kiehl JT, Le Treut H, Lo KK-W,
McAvaney BJ, Meleshko VP, Morcrette J-J, Randall DA, Roeckner E, Royer JF, Schlesinger ME, Sporyshev PV, Timbal B, Volodin EM, Taylor KE, Wang W,
Wetherald RT (1996) Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation models: An update.
J Geophys Res, submitted
Charlson RJ, Lovelock JE, Andreae MO, Warren SG (1987) Oceanic phytoplankton,
atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326: 655-661
Charlson RJ, Langner J, Rodhe H, Leovy CB, Warren SG (1991) Perturbation of the
northern hemisphere radiative balance by backscattering from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols.
Tel/us 43AB: 152-163
Charlson RJ, Schwartz SE, Hales JM, Cess RD, Coakley JA, Hansen JE, Hofmann
DJ (1992) Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science 255: 423-430
Curry JA, Ebert EE (1992) Annual cycle of radiation fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: Sensitivity to cloud optical properties. J Climate 5: 1267-1280
Dai A (1995) Global precipitation variability and its relationship with other climate changes.
Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York