188
W.E. Rossow
and temperature dependent and because other factors, such as the surface and clouds, must
be removed from the satellite measurements to isolate the water vapor variations in detail.
Figure 8.11 illustrates in some detail the water vapor spectrum in the infrared and microwave
wavelength regions. The large number of absorption lines with widely varying strengths and
the continuum absorption in these spectra, if known accurate from theoretical calculations
and laboratory measurements and measured together, would provide a much more detailed
description of the complex variations of water vapor in our atmosphere.
8.4 References
Arking A (1996) Water vapor and lapse rate feedback: Insight from a one-dimensional climate
model. J Climate, in press
Barath FT, Chavez MC, Cofield RE, Flower DA, Frerking MA, Gram MB, Harris
WM, Holden JR, Jarnot RF, Kloezeman WG, Klose GJ, Lau GK, Loo MS, Maddison BJ, Mattauch RJ, McKinney RP, Peckham GE, Pickett HM, Siebes G, Soltis
FS, Suttie RA, Tarsala JA, Waters JW, Wilson WJ (1993) The Upper Atmosphere
Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder instrument. J Geophys Res 98: 10.751-10.762
Bates JJ, Wu X, Jackson DL (1996) Interannual variability of upper troposphere water
vapor band brightness temperature. J Climate, in press
Betts AK (1990) Greenhouse warming and the tropical water vapor budget. Bull Amer Meteor
Soc 71: 1465-1467
Bony S, Duvel J-P (1994) Influence of the vertical structure of the atmosphere on the seasonal
variation of precipitable water and greenhouse effect. J Geophys Res 99: 12.963-12.980
Charlson RJ (1993) Gas-to-particle conversion and CCN production. In Dimethylsuphide,
Oceans, Atmosphere and Climate. G. Restelli and G. Angeletti, eds., Kluwer Academic, Norwell, Mass
Chen T-C, Chen J-M, Pfaendtner J (1995) Low-frequency variations in the atmospheric
branch of the global hydrological cycle. J Climate 8: 92-107
Clough SA (1993) Radiative transfer model development in support of the atmospheric radiation measurement program. Proc. Third ARM Science Team Meeting, Norman, OK, 11-17
Curry JA, Ebert EE (1992) Annual cycle of radiation fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: Sensitivity to cloud optical properties. J Climate, 5: 1267-1280
Curry JA, Schramm JL, Ebert EE (1995) Sea-ice albedo climate feedback mechanism. J
Climate 8: 240-247
Elliott WP, Gaffen DJ (1991) On the utility of radiosonde humidity archives for climate
studies. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 72: 1507-1520
Del Genio AD, Lacis AA, Reudy RA (1991) Simulations of the effect of a warmer climate
on atmospheric humidity. Nature 351: 382-385
Del Genio AD, Kovari W, Yao M-S (1994) Climatic implications of the seasonal variation
of upper troposphere water vapor. Geophys Res Lett 21: 2701-2704
Gaffen DJ, Elliott WP (1993) Column water vapor content in clear and cloudy skies. J
Climate 6: 2278-2287
Gaffen DJ, Elliott WP, Robock A (1992) Relationships between tropospheric water vapor
and surface temperature as observed by radiosondes. Geophys Res Lett 19: 1839-1842
W.E. Rossow
and temperature dependent and because other factors, such as the surface and clouds, must
be removed from the satellite measurements to isolate the water vapor variations in detail.
Figure 8.11 illustrates in some detail the water vapor spectrum in the infrared and microwave
wavelength regions. The large number of absorption lines with widely varying strengths and
the continuum absorption in these spectra, if known accurate from theoretical calculations
and laboratory measurements and measured together, would provide a much more detailed
description of the complex variations of water vapor in our atmosphere.
8.4 References
Arking A (1996) Water vapor and lapse rate feedback: Insight from a one-dimensional climate
model. J Climate, in press
Barath FT, Chavez MC, Cofield RE, Flower DA, Frerking MA, Gram MB, Harris
WM, Holden JR, Jarnot RF, Kloezeman WG, Klose GJ, Lau GK, Loo MS, Maddison BJ, Mattauch RJ, McKinney RP, Peckham GE, Pickett HM, Siebes G, Soltis
FS, Suttie RA, Tarsala JA, Waters JW, Wilson WJ (1993) The Upper Atmosphere
Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder instrument. J Geophys Res 98: 10.751-10.762
Bates JJ, Wu X, Jackson DL (1996) Interannual variability of upper troposphere water
vapor band brightness temperature. J Climate, in press
Betts AK (1990) Greenhouse warming and the tropical water vapor budget. Bull Amer Meteor
Soc 71: 1465-1467
Bony S, Duvel J-P (1994) Influence of the vertical structure of the atmosphere on the seasonal
variation of precipitable water and greenhouse effect. J Geophys Res 99: 12.963-12.980
Charlson RJ (1993) Gas-to-particle conversion and CCN production. In Dimethylsuphide,
Oceans, Atmosphere and Climate. G. Restelli and G. Angeletti, eds., Kluwer Academic, Norwell, Mass
Chen T-C, Chen J-M, Pfaendtner J (1995) Low-frequency variations in the atmospheric
branch of the global hydrological cycle. J Climate 8: 92-107
Clough SA (1993) Radiative transfer model development in support of the atmospheric radiation measurement program. Proc. Third ARM Science Team Meeting, Norman, OK, 11-17
Curry JA, Ebert EE (1992) Annual cycle of radiation fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: Sensitivity to cloud optical properties. J Climate, 5: 1267-1280
Curry JA, Schramm JL, Ebert EE (1995) Sea-ice albedo climate feedback mechanism. J
Climate 8: 240-247
Elliott WP, Gaffen DJ (1991) On the utility of radiosonde humidity archives for climate
studies. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 72: 1507-1520
Del Genio AD, Lacis AA, Reudy RA (1991) Simulations of the effect of a warmer climate
on atmospheric humidity. Nature 351: 382-385
Del Genio AD, Kovari W, Yao M-S (1994) Climatic implications of the seasonal variation
of upper troposphere water vapor. Geophys Res Lett 21: 2701-2704
Gaffen DJ, Elliott WP (1993) Column water vapor content in clear and cloudy skies. J
Climate 6: 2278-2287
Gaffen DJ, Elliott WP, Robock A (1992) Relationships between tropospheric water vapor
and surface temperature as observed by radiosondes. Geophys Res Lett 19: 1839-1842