Moulin S, Kergoat L, VIiovy N, Dedieu G (1997) Global-scale assessment of vegetation phenology using NOAA/AVHRR satellite measurements. J Climate 10:1154–1170
Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ, Asrar G, Nemanl RR (1997) Increased plant growth in the
northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature 386:698–702
Peckham SD, Ahl DE, Serbin SP, Gower ST (2008) Fire-induced changes in green-up and leaf
maturity of the Canadian boreal forest. Remote Sens Environ 112:3594–3603
Pen ˜uelas J, Rutishauser T, Filella I (2009) Phenology feedbacks on climate change. Science
324:887–888
Prince SD, Goetz SJ, Goward SN (1995) Monitoring primary productivity from Earth observing
satellites. Water Air Soil Pollut 82:509–522
Reed BC (2006) Trend analysis of time-series phenology of North America derived from satellite
data. GIScience Remote Sens 43:24–38
Reed BC, Brown JF, VanderZee D, Loveland TR, Merchant JW, Ohlen DO (1994) Measuring
phenological variability from satellite imagery. J Veg Sci 5:703–714
Reed BC, Schwartz MD, Xiao X (2009) Remote sensing phenology: status and the way forward.
In: Noormets A (ed) Phenology of ecosystem processes. Springer, New York, pp 231–246
Schwartz MD, Reed BC, White MA (2002) Assessing satellite-derived start-of-season measures in
the conterminous USA. Int J Climatol 22:1793–1805
Schwartz MD, Ahas R, Aasa A (2006) Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern
hemisphere. Glob Chang Biol 12:343–351
Sto ¨ckli R, Vidale PL (2004) European plant phenology and climate as seen in a 20-year AVHRR
land-surface parameter dataset. Int J Remote Sens 25:3303–3330
Sto ¨ckli R, Rutishauser T, Dragoni D, O’Keefe J, Thornton PE, Jolly M, Lu L, Denning AS (2008)
Remote sensing data assimilation for a prognostic phenology model. J Geophys Res 113:G04021
Tucker CJ, Slayback DA, Pinzon JE, Los SO, Myneni RB, Taylor MG (2001) Higher northern
latitude normalized difference vegetation index and growing season trends from 1982 to1999.
Int J Biometeorol 45:184–190
Verstraete MM, Gobron N, Aussedat O, Robustelli M, Pinty B, Widlowski J-L, Taberner M (2008)
An automatic procedure to identify key vegetation phenology events using the JRC-FAPAR
products. Adv Space Res 41:1773–1783
Wessels KJ, Steenkamp K, Maltitz GV, Archibald S, Scholes RJ, Miteff S, Bachoo A (2009)
Remotely sensed phenology for mapping biomes and vegetation functional types. In: Geoscience and remote sensing symposium, 2009 IEEE international, IGARSS 2009, vol 4, Cape
Town, pp 1034–1037. doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417564
White MA, Thornton PE, Runing SW (1997) A continental phenology model for monitoring
vegetation responses to interannual climate variability. Global Biogeochem Cycles 11:217–234
White MA, Running SW, Thoronton PE (1999) The impact of growing-season length variability
on carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration over 88 years in the eastern US deciduous forest.
Int J Biometeorol 42:139–145
White MA, Nemani RR, Thornton PE, Runing SW (2002) Satellite evidence of phenological
differences between urbanized and rural areas of the eastern United States deciduous broadleaf
forest. Ecosystems 5:260–277
Yoder BJ, Waring RH (1994) The normalized difference vegetation index of small Douglas-Fir
canopies with varying chlorophyll concentrations. Remote Sens Environ 49:81–91
Zhang X, Friedl MA, Schaaf CB, Strahler AH, Hodges JCF, Gao F, Reed BC, Huete A (2003)
Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS. Remote Sens Environ 84:471–475
Zhang X, Friedl MA, Schaaf CB, Strahler AH (2004) Climate controls on vegetation phenological
patterns in northern mid- and high latitudes inferred from MODIS data. Glob Chang Biol
10:1133–1145
Zhou L, Tucker CJ, Kaufmann RK, Slayback D, Shabanov NV, Myneni RB (2001) Variations
in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981 to
1999. J Geophys Res 106:20069–20083
Zhou L, Kaufmann RK, Tian Y, Myneni RB, Tucker CJ (2003) Relation between interannual
variations in satellite measures of northern forest greenness and climate between 1982 and
1999. J Geophys Res 108:D14004
276
M. Li and J.J. Qu
Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ, Asrar G, Nemanl RR (1997) Increased plant growth in the
northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature 386:698–702
Peckham SD, Ahl DE, Serbin SP, Gower ST (2008) Fire-induced changes in green-up and leaf
maturity of the Canadian boreal forest. Remote Sens Environ 112:3594–3603
Pen ˜uelas J, Rutishauser T, Filella I (2009) Phenology feedbacks on climate change. Science
324:887–888
Prince SD, Goetz SJ, Goward SN (1995) Monitoring primary productivity from Earth observing
satellites. Water Air Soil Pollut 82:509–522
Reed BC (2006) Trend analysis of time-series phenology of North America derived from satellite
data. GIScience Remote Sens 43:24–38
Reed BC, Brown JF, VanderZee D, Loveland TR, Merchant JW, Ohlen DO (1994) Measuring
phenological variability from satellite imagery. J Veg Sci 5:703–714
Reed BC, Schwartz MD, Xiao X (2009) Remote sensing phenology: status and the way forward.
In: Noormets A (ed) Phenology of ecosystem processes. Springer, New York, pp 231–246
Schwartz MD, Reed BC, White MA (2002) Assessing satellite-derived start-of-season measures in
the conterminous USA. Int J Climatol 22:1793–1805
Schwartz MD, Ahas R, Aasa A (2006) Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern
hemisphere. Glob Chang Biol 12:343–351
Sto ¨ckli R, Vidale PL (2004) European plant phenology and climate as seen in a 20-year AVHRR
land-surface parameter dataset. Int J Remote Sens 25:3303–3330
Sto ¨ckli R, Rutishauser T, Dragoni D, O’Keefe J, Thornton PE, Jolly M, Lu L, Denning AS (2008)
Remote sensing data assimilation for a prognostic phenology model. J Geophys Res 113:G04021
Tucker CJ, Slayback DA, Pinzon JE, Los SO, Myneni RB, Taylor MG (2001) Higher northern
latitude normalized difference vegetation index and growing season trends from 1982 to1999.
Int J Biometeorol 45:184–190
Verstraete MM, Gobron N, Aussedat O, Robustelli M, Pinty B, Widlowski J-L, Taberner M (2008)
An automatic procedure to identify key vegetation phenology events using the JRC-FAPAR
products. Adv Space Res 41:1773–1783
Wessels KJ, Steenkamp K, Maltitz GV, Archibald S, Scholes RJ, Miteff S, Bachoo A (2009)
Remotely sensed phenology for mapping biomes and vegetation functional types. In: Geoscience and remote sensing symposium, 2009 IEEE international, IGARSS 2009, vol 4, Cape
Town, pp 1034–1037. doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417564
White MA, Thornton PE, Runing SW (1997) A continental phenology model for monitoring
vegetation responses to interannual climate variability. Global Biogeochem Cycles 11:217–234
White MA, Running SW, Thoronton PE (1999) The impact of growing-season length variability
on carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration over 88 years in the eastern US deciduous forest.
Int J Biometeorol 42:139–145
White MA, Nemani RR, Thornton PE, Runing SW (2002) Satellite evidence of phenological
differences between urbanized and rural areas of the eastern United States deciduous broadleaf
forest. Ecosystems 5:260–277
Yoder BJ, Waring RH (1994) The normalized difference vegetation index of small Douglas-Fir
canopies with varying chlorophyll concentrations. Remote Sens Environ 49:81–91
Zhang X, Friedl MA, Schaaf CB, Strahler AH, Hodges JCF, Gao F, Reed BC, Huete A (2003)
Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS. Remote Sens Environ 84:471–475
Zhang X, Friedl MA, Schaaf CB, Strahler AH (2004) Climate controls on vegetation phenological
patterns in northern mid- and high latitudes inferred from MODIS data. Glob Chang Biol
10:1133–1145
Zhou L, Tucker CJ, Kaufmann RK, Slayback D, Shabanov NV, Myneni RB (2001) Variations
in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981 to
1999. J Geophys Res 106:20069–20083
Zhou L, Kaufmann RK, Tian Y, Myneni RB, Tucker CJ (2003) Relation between interannual
variations in satellite measures of northern forest greenness and climate between 1982 and
1999. J Geophys Res 108:D14004
276
M. Li and J.J. Qu