Key J, Santek D, Velden CS, Bormann N, Thepaut J-N, Riishojgaard LP, Zhu Y, Menzel WP
(2003) Cloud-drift and water vapor winds in the polar regions from MODIS. IEEE Trans
Geosci Remote Sens 41(2):482–492
Liu Y, Key J, Wang X (2008) The influence of changes in cloud cover on recent surface
temperature trends in the Arctic. J Climate 21:705–715. doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1681.1
Liu Y, Key J, Wang X (2009) Influence of changes in sea ice concentration and cloud cover on
recent Arctic surface temperature trends. Geophys Research Lett 36:L20710. doi:10.1029/
2009GL040708
Liu Y, Key JR, Liu Z, Wang X, Vavrus SJ (2012) A cloudier Arctic expected with diminishing sea
ice. Geophys Res Lett 39:L05705, doi:10.1029/2012GL051251
Manabe S, Stouffer RJ (1994) Multiple-century response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to
an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J Climate 7(1):5–23
Manabe S, Spelman MJ, Stouffer RJ (1992) Transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere
model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO2. Part II: seasonal response. J Climate 5
(2):105–126
Martin SE, Munoz E (1997) Properties of the Arctic 2-m air temperature for 1979-present derived
from a new gridded data set. J Climate 10:1428–1440
Martin SE, Munoz E, Dreucker R (1997) Recent observations of a Spring-Summer warming over
the Arctic Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 26:1259–1262
Meehl GA, Washington WM (1990) CO2 climate sensitivity and snow-sea-ice parameterization in
an atmospheric GCM coupled to a mixed-layer ocean model. Climate Change 16:283–306
Meier W, Maslanik JA, Key JR, Fowler CW (1997) Multiparameter AVHRR derived products for
Arctic climate studies. Earth Interactions, 1, paper no. 5 (electronic journal only)
Menzel WP, Smith WL, Stewart TR (1983) Improved cloud motion vector and altitude assignment
using VAS. J Climate Appl Meteorol 22:377–384
Merrill R (1989) Advances in the automated production of wind estimates from geostationary
satellite imaging. In: Proceedings fourth conference satellite meteorology, Amer. Meteorol.
Soc., San Diego, 1989, pp 246–249
Miller JR, Russell GL (2000) Projected impact of climatic change on the freshwater and salt
budgets of the Arctic Ocean by a GCM. Geophys Res Lett 27:1183–1186
Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ, Asrar G, Nemani RR (1997) Increased plant growth in the
northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature 386:698–702
Nieman SJ, Menzel WP, Hayden CM, Gray D, Wanzong ST, Velden CS, Daniels J (1997) Fully
automated cloud-drift winds in NESDIS operations. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 78(6):1121–1133
Overland JE (2009) The case for global warming in the Arctic. In: Influence of climate change on
the changing Arctic and Sub-Arctic conditions. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 13–23
Parkinson CL, Cavalieri DJ, Gloersen P, Zwally HJ, Comiso JC (1999) Arctic sea ice extents,
areas, and trends, 1978-1996. J Geophys Res 104(C9):20837–20856
Perovich DK, Richter-Menge JA, Jones KF, Light B (2008) Sunlight, water, and ice: extreme
Arctic sea ice melt during the summer of 2007. Geophys Res Lett 35:L11501. doi:10.1029/
2008GL034007
Rao PA, Velden CS, Braun SA (2002) The vertical error characteristics of GOES-derived winds:
description and experiments with numerical weather prediction. J Appl Meteorol 41(3):253–271
Rigor I, Colony RL, Martin S (2000) Variations in surface air temperature observations in the
Arctic, 1979–97. J Climate 13:896–914
Rossow WB, Walker A, Beuschel D, Roiter M (1996) International satellite cloud climatology
project (ISCCP) documentation of cloud data. World Climate Research Programme, NASA,
Goddard Institute of Space Studies, p 115
Rothrock DA, Yu Y, Maykut GA (1999) Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover. Geophys Res
Lett 26(23):3469–3472
Schmetz J, Holmlund K, Hoffman J, Strauss B, Mason B, Gaertner V, Koch A, van de Berg L
(1993) Operational cloud motion winds from METEOSAT infrared images. J Appl Meteorol
32:1206–1225
148
J.R. Key et al.
(2003) Cloud-drift and water vapor winds in the polar regions from MODIS. IEEE Trans
Geosci Remote Sens 41(2):482–492
Liu Y, Key J, Wang X (2008) The influence of changes in cloud cover on recent surface
temperature trends in the Arctic. J Climate 21:705–715. doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1681.1
Liu Y, Key J, Wang X (2009) Influence of changes in sea ice concentration and cloud cover on
recent Arctic surface temperature trends. Geophys Research Lett 36:L20710. doi:10.1029/
2009GL040708
Liu Y, Key JR, Liu Z, Wang X, Vavrus SJ (2012) A cloudier Arctic expected with diminishing sea
ice. Geophys Res Lett 39:L05705, doi:10.1029/2012GL051251
Manabe S, Stouffer RJ (1994) Multiple-century response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to
an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J Climate 7(1):5–23
Manabe S, Spelman MJ, Stouffer RJ (1992) Transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere
model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO2. Part II: seasonal response. J Climate 5
(2):105–126
Martin SE, Munoz E (1997) Properties of the Arctic 2-m air temperature for 1979-present derived
from a new gridded data set. J Climate 10:1428–1440
Martin SE, Munoz E, Dreucker R (1997) Recent observations of a Spring-Summer warming over
the Arctic Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 26:1259–1262
Meehl GA, Washington WM (1990) CO2 climate sensitivity and snow-sea-ice parameterization in
an atmospheric GCM coupled to a mixed-layer ocean model. Climate Change 16:283–306
Meier W, Maslanik JA, Key JR, Fowler CW (1997) Multiparameter AVHRR derived products for
Arctic climate studies. Earth Interactions, 1, paper no. 5 (electronic journal only)
Menzel WP, Smith WL, Stewart TR (1983) Improved cloud motion vector and altitude assignment
using VAS. J Climate Appl Meteorol 22:377–384
Merrill R (1989) Advances in the automated production of wind estimates from geostationary
satellite imaging. In: Proceedings fourth conference satellite meteorology, Amer. Meteorol.
Soc., San Diego, 1989, pp 246–249
Miller JR, Russell GL (2000) Projected impact of climatic change on the freshwater and salt
budgets of the Arctic Ocean by a GCM. Geophys Res Lett 27:1183–1186
Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ, Asrar G, Nemani RR (1997) Increased plant growth in the
northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature 386:698–702
Nieman SJ, Menzel WP, Hayden CM, Gray D, Wanzong ST, Velden CS, Daniels J (1997) Fully
automated cloud-drift winds in NESDIS operations. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 78(6):1121–1133
Overland JE (2009) The case for global warming in the Arctic. In: Influence of climate change on
the changing Arctic and Sub-Arctic conditions. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 13–23
Parkinson CL, Cavalieri DJ, Gloersen P, Zwally HJ, Comiso JC (1999) Arctic sea ice extents,
areas, and trends, 1978-1996. J Geophys Res 104(C9):20837–20856
Perovich DK, Richter-Menge JA, Jones KF, Light B (2008) Sunlight, water, and ice: extreme
Arctic sea ice melt during the summer of 2007. Geophys Res Lett 35:L11501. doi:10.1029/
2008GL034007
Rao PA, Velden CS, Braun SA (2002) The vertical error characteristics of GOES-derived winds:
description and experiments with numerical weather prediction. J Appl Meteorol 41(3):253–271
Rigor I, Colony RL, Martin S (2000) Variations in surface air temperature observations in the
Arctic, 1979–97. J Climate 13:896–914
Rossow WB, Walker A, Beuschel D, Roiter M (1996) International satellite cloud climatology
project (ISCCP) documentation of cloud data. World Climate Research Programme, NASA,
Goddard Institute of Space Studies, p 115
Rothrock DA, Yu Y, Maykut GA (1999) Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover. Geophys Res
Lett 26(23):3469–3472
Schmetz J, Holmlund K, Hoffman J, Strauss B, Mason B, Gaertner V, Koch A, van de Berg L
(1993) Operational cloud motion winds from METEOSAT infrared images. J Appl Meteorol
32:1206–1225
148
J.R. Key et al.