8.3 Activities in Landscape Management (T
3 C
3
)
In landscape management there are a lot of options available regarding the farmers’
ease of access in each branch. For example, in agriculture it is possible for farmers
to cultivate several varieties of wheat, paddy, and finger millet under different
management practices. In animal husbandry farmers have options to choose any
kind of livestock husbandry; further, they have the option to select the different
races for different management practices. Likewise, in all the other branches they
have many options to perform. In the terminology of LP modeling, options are
termed activities. Hence, our approach is to provide as many activities as possible to
the farmers covering all the branches. They might choose a few of them in view to
sustaining their livelihood (see C
2 ).
Agriculture (all production
systems in mountains including
MAPs cultivation, Horticulture,
Kitchen garden etc)
Animal
Husbandry
Forests
Ecosystems
Pasture
Structure and
Functioning
Goal Function
Labour HL
Labour AL
Land
Production system
restrictions
Soil
Biodiversity
Soil quality/ erosion
Soil biodiversity
Nutrients cycling/
balancing
Pollution (air/water)
Mixed forests
Conifer forests
0
Economic restrictions'
Ecological restrictions'
Stable
Capital
1
1
1
2
2
0*
1
System interaction analysis
0-0* (not reversible) and flow through
0* to 0
0
0*
0*
System interaction
restriction
Impact AssessmentEcological
Tourism
??
??
??
??
??
??
Policies
C
1
C
3
C
4
C
5
C
2
Scenario
development
analysis
Trade offs/Landscape
development pattern with
visualization by remote sensing
and GIS
-
and
Spatial, dynamic and
process oriented bio
economic evaluation
human development
Outcome of the model
C
6
C
4
Fig. 9 The conceptual model system MODAM for mountains of the Indian Himalayan region
(C
1
, C
2
, … C
7
: modules of conceptual model development) (Nautiyal et al. 2010)
Socioeconomic and Ecological Modeling for Sustainable …
619
3 C
3
)
In landscape management there are a lot of options available regarding the farmers’
ease of access in each branch. For example, in agriculture it is possible for farmers
to cultivate several varieties of wheat, paddy, and finger millet under different
management practices. In animal husbandry farmers have options to choose any
kind of livestock husbandry; further, they have the option to select the different
races for different management practices. Likewise, in all the other branches they
have many options to perform. In the terminology of LP modeling, options are
termed activities. Hence, our approach is to provide as many activities as possible to
the farmers covering all the branches. They might choose a few of them in view to
sustaining their livelihood (see C
2 ).
Agriculture (all production
systems in mountains including
MAPs cultivation, Horticulture,
Kitchen garden etc)
Animal
Husbandry
Forests
Ecosystems
Pasture
Structure and
Functioning
Goal Function
Labour HL
Labour AL
Land
Production system
restrictions
Soil
Biodiversity
Soil quality/ erosion
Soil biodiversity
Nutrients cycling/
balancing
Pollution (air/water)
Mixed forests
Conifer forests
0
Economic restrictions'
Ecological restrictions'
Stable
Capital
1
1
1
2
2
0*
1
System interaction analysis
0-0* (not reversible) and flow through
0* to 0
0
0*
0*
System interaction
restriction
Impact AssessmentEcological
Tourism
??
??
??
??
??
??
Policies
C
1
C
3
C
4
C
5
C
2
Scenario
development
analysis
Trade offs/Landscape
development pattern with
visualization by remote sensing
and GIS
-
and
Spatial, dynamic and
process oriented bio
economic evaluation
human development
Outcome of the model
C
6
C
4
Fig. 9 The conceptual model system MODAM for mountains of the Indian Himalayan region
(C
1
, C
2
, … C
7
: modules of conceptual model development) (Nautiyal et al. 2010)
Socioeconomic and Ecological Modeling for Sustainable …
619