interlinkages and interdependencies with domestic and forest ecosystem) of
village ecosystem have to be analyzed in order to evaluate the sustainability of
each study region using ecological and economic indicators.
• To conduct the in-depth study related to land use land cover change (LUCC) in
the study areas data have to be gathered at different spatial and temporal scales
for the detail analysis. In order to evaluate sustainable resource management and
economic development, the theoretical models can be designed based on the
complex interaction between human and ecosystem in the selected agroecological zones of the country (i.e. the Himalaya; the Western Ghats and Arid
region).
• This approach is important to maintaining and storing information from different
aspects of the project in one place and in reducing the risk of segregation or
fragmentation. This research approach can be advantageous in that it simplify
the complex human ecosystem interactions while analyzing and evaluating the
entire system.
• Remote sensing techniques, including visual observations and image interpretation, are useful in terms of providing valuable information, in a short time, on
large areas. This helps in measurement of biophysical parameters in
multi-temporal dimensions and a very important tool in case of missing of
historical ground data. Therefore, in the empirical field investigations, the use of
satellite data can be considered as importance component of a research
framework.
• Spatial datasets such as topographical maps, digital elevation data, and satellite
imagery pertaining to different time periods (1972 onwards at 5 years interval)
need to be analyzed for preparing various land cover maps depicting the impact
of various factors which have shaped the present landscape.
• Data have to be mapped followed by geo-referencing topographic map sheets in
1:25,000 scales which are most actual ones available. Precisely geo-referenced
and radiometrically calibrated (Level-1G products) satellite images can be
procured for the same season for the years after regular intervals.
• In order to remove the effects of atmospheric influences on the radiometric
compatibility of the time-series satellite data, all the satellite data require to be
atmospherically corrected, using the 6S radiative transfer code. Further, the
spatial resolution of the satellite images need maintenance at the native resolution of 30 m for the Landsat-TM, and ETM+ by resampling the Landsat-MSS
(75 m) and the SPOT-5 (10 m) images to 30 m spatial resolution.
• Various classification methods can be used in determining the extent of land
cover. Ground-based reference data used for selecting training pixels for the
satellite imagery can be identified by using a combination of automatic endmember (spectrally pure pixels) extraction method and ISODATA automatic
clustering algorithm. The classified land cover classes need identification and
validation based on the available ancillary ground truth data and in-depth field
knowledge of the socio-ecological system.
Research Approach to Analyze Climate Change Impacts in Rural …
575
village ecosystem have to be analyzed in order to evaluate the sustainability of
each study region using ecological and economic indicators.
• To conduct the in-depth study related to land use land cover change (LUCC) in
the study areas data have to be gathered at different spatial and temporal scales
for the detail analysis. In order to evaluate sustainable resource management and
economic development, the theoretical models can be designed based on the
complex interaction between human and ecosystem in the selected agroecological zones of the country (i.e. the Himalaya; the Western Ghats and Arid
region).
• This approach is important to maintaining and storing information from different
aspects of the project in one place and in reducing the risk of segregation or
fragmentation. This research approach can be advantageous in that it simplify
the complex human ecosystem interactions while analyzing and evaluating the
entire system.
• Remote sensing techniques, including visual observations and image interpretation, are useful in terms of providing valuable information, in a short time, on
large areas. This helps in measurement of biophysical parameters in
multi-temporal dimensions and a very important tool in case of missing of
historical ground data. Therefore, in the empirical field investigations, the use of
satellite data can be considered as importance component of a research
framework.
• Spatial datasets such as topographical maps, digital elevation data, and satellite
imagery pertaining to different time periods (1972 onwards at 5 years interval)
need to be analyzed for preparing various land cover maps depicting the impact
of various factors which have shaped the present landscape.
• Data have to be mapped followed by geo-referencing topographic map sheets in
1:25,000 scales which are most actual ones available. Precisely geo-referenced
and radiometrically calibrated (Level-1G products) satellite images can be
procured for the same season for the years after regular intervals.
• In order to remove the effects of atmospheric influences on the radiometric
compatibility of the time-series satellite data, all the satellite data require to be
atmospherically corrected, using the 6S radiative transfer code. Further, the
spatial resolution of the satellite images need maintenance at the native resolution of 30 m for the Landsat-TM, and ETM+ by resampling the Landsat-MSS
(75 m) and the SPOT-5 (10 m) images to 30 m spatial resolution.
• Various classification methods can be used in determining the extent of land
cover. Ground-based reference data used for selecting training pixels for the
satellite imagery can be identified by using a combination of automatic endmember (spectrally pure pixels) extraction method and ISODATA automatic
clustering algorithm. The classified land cover classes need identification and
validation based on the available ancillary ground truth data and in-depth field
knowledge of the socio-ecological system.
Research Approach to Analyze Climate Change Impacts in Rural …
575