Women and livelihoods: The occupational patterns have changed for women in
JDGP. Earlier (before 30 years), they were engaged in as daily wage labor since
they were practicing agriculture, but now, due to increase in floriculture and vegetable cultivation women are making a living by making flower garlands and selling
vegetables. Women also collect pongamia seeds in and around villages during
summer, dry them, and sell it to small-scale oil refineries located in Hoskote and
Malur.
10 Key Findings
• Weather and climate: In Asia and the pacific region, there is evidence of a
prominent increase in the intensity of extreme events of climate change like
cyclones, tsunamis, and earthquakes, but in this study there is no change
observed in climate at the micro level across all the five villages in a semi-arid
region of Karnataka as it is located 900 m above from the mean sea level and it
does not fall under climate change vulnerability index and the extreme events
are comparatively nil.
• Rainfall: The average rainfall in the study area is 750 mm even though it was
more than the average in 1993 and 2008 (1200 mm) and less than the average in
1989, 2002, and 2009 (420, 430, and 560 mm, respectively). However, the
rainfall has not deviated much from the normal rainfall pattern over the past
three decades but due to loss of water storage tanks and high ground water
extraction, people face water scarcity in the region.
• Temperature: There is a variation in the temperature in different seasons and
across the last three decades but there is no increase in the temperature, so this
semi-arid region is not affected by climate change.
• Shift in the cropping pattern, Decrease in area under agricultural crops
and livestock rearing: Earlier, people were growing crops like paddy, ragi,
pulses, turmeric, onion, vegetables, and groundnut as main crops, but now ragi
and eucalyptus have become main crops. And also people have shifted from
cereals and pulse crops to vegetables (beans, potato, tomato, cowpea, bitter
gourd) and flower crops, because Hoskote is nearby where these vegetables and
flowers can be easily marketed. This shift is mainly due to changing needs of
people and demand for eucalyptus tree. The area under pulses (from 4529 to
2079 ha), cereals, and minor millets (from 16,610 to 12,229 ha) has decreased
overtime. There has been a decline in livestock rearing, because earlier, people
used to take their livestock to Gomalas, or waste lands with grass and shrubs for
grazing, but now, they have been converted into agriculture lands. Interestingly,
the population of ox and buffaloes is less compared to cows, sheep, and goats.
• Change in varieties: Earlier, villagers were cultivating local varieties, but now
people have shifted to hybrid varieties of short duration. This is a normal
phenomenon seen in most of the villages due to invention of new hybrid
varieties which give more yield and income.
Climate Change at Peri-urban Contexts …
503
JDGP. Earlier (before 30 years), they were engaged in as daily wage labor since
they were practicing agriculture, but now, due to increase in floriculture and vegetable cultivation women are making a living by making flower garlands and selling
vegetables. Women also collect pongamia seeds in and around villages during
summer, dry them, and sell it to small-scale oil refineries located in Hoskote and
Malur.
10 Key Findings
• Weather and climate: In Asia and the pacific region, there is evidence of a
prominent increase in the intensity of extreme events of climate change like
cyclones, tsunamis, and earthquakes, but in this study there is no change
observed in climate at the micro level across all the five villages in a semi-arid
region of Karnataka as it is located 900 m above from the mean sea level and it
does not fall under climate change vulnerability index and the extreme events
are comparatively nil.
• Rainfall: The average rainfall in the study area is 750 mm even though it was
more than the average in 1993 and 2008 (1200 mm) and less than the average in
1989, 2002, and 2009 (420, 430, and 560 mm, respectively). However, the
rainfall has not deviated much from the normal rainfall pattern over the past
three decades but due to loss of water storage tanks and high ground water
extraction, people face water scarcity in the region.
• Temperature: There is a variation in the temperature in different seasons and
across the last three decades but there is no increase in the temperature, so this
semi-arid region is not affected by climate change.
• Shift in the cropping pattern, Decrease in area under agricultural crops
and livestock rearing: Earlier, people were growing crops like paddy, ragi,
pulses, turmeric, onion, vegetables, and groundnut as main crops, but now ragi
and eucalyptus have become main crops. And also people have shifted from
cereals and pulse crops to vegetables (beans, potato, tomato, cowpea, bitter
gourd) and flower crops, because Hoskote is nearby where these vegetables and
flowers can be easily marketed. This shift is mainly due to changing needs of
people and demand for eucalyptus tree. The area under pulses (from 4529 to
2079 ha), cereals, and minor millets (from 16,610 to 12,229 ha) has decreased
overtime. There has been a decline in livestock rearing, because earlier, people
used to take their livestock to Gomalas, or waste lands with grass and shrubs for
grazing, but now, they have been converted into agriculture lands. Interestingly,
the population of ox and buffaloes is less compared to cows, sheep, and goats.
• Change in varieties: Earlier, villagers were cultivating local varieties, but now
people have shifted to hybrid varieties of short duration. This is a normal
phenomenon seen in most of the villages due to invention of new hybrid
varieties which give more yield and income.
Climate Change at Peri-urban Contexts …
503