Table 4 Policy options to increase infrastructure resilience in Mumbai
Policy
Instrument
Description
Public
transport
Infrastructure development would
be funded through a combination of
taxation and public investment
Build the planned transport link on
stilts as opposed to underground.
Significant new infrastructure
would be required to complete the
project, which would bring the
opportunity to link to the wider
transport network (monorail and
roads) creating better city wide
mobility
Building codes
Command and control type
regulatory instrument
Amend existing building
regulations and introduce new
regulations where necessary to
ensure that in 20 years’ time all
floodplain buildings are on stilts,
and earthquake proof.
Unauthorized colonies must be
prevented and regulations enforced
Warning
systems and
emergency
response
A combination of public
investments and information-based
instruments (targeted education and
communication)
The formation and coordination of
a ‘disaster management’ cell—
including government, emergency
services, logistics and weather
forecast services. It would also
involve the building of designated
safe shelters, as well as targeted
communication and education to
relevant sectors of the population
Insurance
Public investment since this is a
government financed scheme
A government scheme aimed at
low-income households and the
informal sector. The insurance
would be compulsory. The aim of
this policy option is to achieve
80 % coverage within ten years
Enforced
retreat
A command and control regulatory
instrument
The definition of high-risk priority
areas, the enforced movement of
people living in those areas, the
location and development of
alternative settlements and the
restoration of vacated areas. The
target would be up households and
small businesses. Although this
would be government supported
policy, the opportunity for
public/private partnerships would
be promoted in the development of
new settlements
Source Stephane Hallegatte and Valerie Belton 2011, Flood risks, Infrastructure Resilience and
Climate Change Adaption in Mumbai, India, MCA4climate and UNEP, June
Lack of Environmental Planning Exacerbating Climate Change Risks …
471
Policy
Instrument
Description
Public
transport
Infrastructure development would
be funded through a combination of
taxation and public investment
Build the planned transport link on
stilts as opposed to underground.
Significant new infrastructure
would be required to complete the
project, which would bring the
opportunity to link to the wider
transport network (monorail and
roads) creating better city wide
mobility
Building codes
Command and control type
regulatory instrument
Amend existing building
regulations and introduce new
regulations where necessary to
ensure that in 20 years’ time all
floodplain buildings are on stilts,
and earthquake proof.
Unauthorized colonies must be
prevented and regulations enforced
Warning
systems and
emergency
response
A combination of public
investments and information-based
instruments (targeted education and
communication)
The formation and coordination of
a ‘disaster management’ cell—
including government, emergency
services, logistics and weather
forecast services. It would also
involve the building of designated
safe shelters, as well as targeted
communication and education to
relevant sectors of the population
Insurance
Public investment since this is a
government financed scheme
A government scheme aimed at
low-income households and the
informal sector. The insurance
would be compulsory. The aim of
this policy option is to achieve
80 % coverage within ten years
Enforced
retreat
A command and control regulatory
instrument
The definition of high-risk priority
areas, the enforced movement of
people living in those areas, the
location and development of
alternative settlements and the
restoration of vacated areas. The
target would be up households and
small businesses. Although this
would be government supported
policy, the opportunity for
public/private partnerships would
be promoted in the development of
new settlements
Source Stephane Hallegatte and Valerie Belton 2011, Flood risks, Infrastructure Resilience and
Climate Change Adaption in Mumbai, India, MCA4climate and UNEP, June
Lack of Environmental Planning Exacerbating Climate Change Risks …
471