It can be implied from the results that though the non-climatic strategies like
fertilizers and improvement in irrigation positively impacts the sugarcane yield in
Karnataka, the differential impacts of temperature and rainfall needs to be focused
while making adaptation strategies. The varying temperatures in different seasons
and fluctuations in the temperatures are a direct result of climate change. The future
research should focus on making available sugarcane varieties which are less
sensitive to fluctuations in temperature. Greater knowledge on the temperature
impacts on sugarcane yield also needs to be disseminated. These results suggest a
priority to intervention and adaptation strategies that target mitigation of fluctuating
temperature impacts.
It should also be noted that the results of this study are based on only one crop
and hence generalizations to the entire sugarcane or agricultural sector in the whole
country cannot be made. The result also needs to be analysed with a data of greater
time-horizon for generalized results.
Appendix
See Table 3.
Table 3 The results of the Hausman specification test
Coefficients
(b)
( B)
( b − B)
sqrt(diag(v_b − v_B))
Femodel
Remodel
Difference
S.E.
Fertilizer
8.46e−06
9.45e−06
−9.88e−07
1.61e−06
Area_irrign
0.0091654
0.0106159
−.0014505
0.0028576
Max_winter
−0.1474754
−0.3329382
0.1854628
0.5543859
Max_summer
−0.9600607
0.668375
−1.628436
0.5264949
Max_monsoon
−0.8553481
0.0329234
−.8882715
0.6034131
Max_autumn
−2.230395
−0.8796967
−1.350698
0.5908743
Min_winter
0.1471964
0.530713
−0.3835166
0.5481204
Min_summer
0.7787901
−1.027619
1.806409
0.4985125
Min_monsoon
2.162654
0.6518216
1.510832
0.5840345
Min_autumn
1.787407
0.3997172
1.38769
0.5616042
Rain_winter
0.0054152
0.0183406
−0.0129255
Rain_summer
0.0029156
0.002446
0.0004696
0.0006801
Rain_monsoon
0.0006462
0.00071
−0.0000638
0.0004592
Rain_autumn
0.0014021
0.0030811
−0.0016789
b = consistent under Ho and Ha; obtained from xtreg
B = inconsistent under Ha, efficient under Ho; obtained from xtreg
Test: Ho: difference in coefficients not systematic
chi2(13) = (b − B)’[(v_b − v_B)^(−l)](b − B) = 43.93
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
(v_b − v_B is not positive definite)
Climate Change and Sugarcane Productivity in Karnataka
397
fertilizers and improvement in irrigation positively impacts the sugarcane yield in
Karnataka, the differential impacts of temperature and rainfall needs to be focused
while making adaptation strategies. The varying temperatures in different seasons
and fluctuations in the temperatures are a direct result of climate change. The future
research should focus on making available sugarcane varieties which are less
sensitive to fluctuations in temperature. Greater knowledge on the temperature
impacts on sugarcane yield also needs to be disseminated. These results suggest a
priority to intervention and adaptation strategies that target mitigation of fluctuating
temperature impacts.
It should also be noted that the results of this study are based on only one crop
and hence generalizations to the entire sugarcane or agricultural sector in the whole
country cannot be made. The result also needs to be analysed with a data of greater
time-horizon for generalized results.
Appendix
See Table 3.
Table 3 The results of the Hausman specification test
Coefficients
(b)
( B)
( b − B)
sqrt(diag(v_b − v_B))
Femodel
Remodel
Difference
S.E.
Fertilizer
8.46e−06
9.45e−06
−9.88e−07
1.61e−06
Area_irrign
0.0091654
0.0106159
−.0014505
0.0028576
Max_winter
−0.1474754
−0.3329382
0.1854628
0.5543859
Max_summer
−0.9600607
0.668375
−1.628436
0.5264949
Max_monsoon
−0.8553481
0.0329234
−.8882715
0.6034131
Max_autumn
−2.230395
−0.8796967
−1.350698
0.5908743
Min_winter
0.1471964
0.530713
−0.3835166
0.5481204
Min_summer
0.7787901
−1.027619
1.806409
0.4985125
Min_monsoon
2.162654
0.6518216
1.510832
0.5840345
Min_autumn
1.787407
0.3997172
1.38769
0.5616042
Rain_winter
0.0054152
0.0183406
−0.0129255
Rain_summer
0.0029156
0.002446
0.0004696
0.0006801
Rain_monsoon
0.0006462
0.00071
−0.0000638
0.0004592
Rain_autumn
0.0014021
0.0030811
−0.0016789
b = consistent under Ho and Ha; obtained from xtreg
B = inconsistent under Ha, efficient under Ho; obtained from xtreg
Test: Ho: difference in coefficients not systematic
chi2(13) = (b − B)’[(v_b − v_B)^(−l)](b − B) = 43.93
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
(v_b − v_B is not positive definite)
Climate Change and Sugarcane Productivity in Karnataka
397