The test statistic is a Z test given by
Z ¼
p À ^
P
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi
^
P ^
Q=n
À
Á
q
$ N 0; 1
ð Þ
where p = sample proportion, ^
P = population proportion = 0.5, ^
Q ¼ 1 À ^
P = 0.5,
n = sample size. The critical value of Z 0.05 = 1.96 (Two tailed test).
5 Findings and Discussion
The findings of the data analysis are presented in Table 2 as follows.
It is found from Table 2 that there is no significant difference in proportion
between the respondents over selection of right crop for the soil, rain water conservation, regular cleaning of channels and providing health check up. There is
significant difference in other statements and may be inferred as follows:
In case of land management, more importance should be given for the use of
organic manure, traditional implements, crop rotation and soil bio-pesticides.
Ploughing across the slope should be done for protection of soil erosion and water
conservation. It is observed from the field study that farmers were selecting crops
on the basis of type of the soil but did not give importance to soil health. Soil testing
is important from time to time regularly and farmer’s knowledge should be updated
time to time.
In case of water management, construction of farm pond, regular cleaning of
channels, lining of channels with concrete slabs should be given importance.
Optimal tillage operation and irrigation to crops were also kept their place for better
water holding capacity and secure production. Though, more investment, drip
irrigation is required apart from diversion of excess water for productive purpose.
In case of labour management, skilled labour was required for operation modern
tools and equipments in agriculture which needs training to farmers. Agricultural ITI
should be established in different cluster of rural areas. Increasing literacy rate
decreases the interest of family members from working in agricultural field due to
less profit. Agricultural livelihood is going on declining. Thanks to UN for declaration of 2014 as the year of ‘Family farm’. Family labourers, hired labourers,
contract labourers for certain works are important for proper optimal engagement of
labourers with proper supervision.
In case of management of vegetation, farm forestry and agro forestry should use
trees as wind brakes. Trees should be planted on bounds as protection to some
horticultural practices. They are used as natural fence for banana, papaya, etc. Apart
from it, green leaves, recycling of crop wastes and bio-pesticides from the vegetations are also important for management of vegetation, which indirectly helps in
water conservation.
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D. Chand and R. Gartia
Z ¼
p À ^
P
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi
^
P ^
Q=n
À
Á
q
$ N 0; 1
ð Þ
where p = sample proportion, ^
P = population proportion = 0.5, ^
Q ¼ 1 À ^
P = 0.5,
n = sample size. The critical value of Z 0.05 = 1.96 (Two tailed test).
5 Findings and Discussion
The findings of the data analysis are presented in Table 2 as follows.
It is found from Table 2 that there is no significant difference in proportion
between the respondents over selection of right crop for the soil, rain water conservation, regular cleaning of channels and providing health check up. There is
significant difference in other statements and may be inferred as follows:
In case of land management, more importance should be given for the use of
organic manure, traditional implements, crop rotation and soil bio-pesticides.
Ploughing across the slope should be done for protection of soil erosion and water
conservation. It is observed from the field study that farmers were selecting crops
on the basis of type of the soil but did not give importance to soil health. Soil testing
is important from time to time regularly and farmer’s knowledge should be updated
time to time.
In case of water management, construction of farm pond, regular cleaning of
channels, lining of channels with concrete slabs should be given importance.
Optimal tillage operation and irrigation to crops were also kept their place for better
water holding capacity and secure production. Though, more investment, drip
irrigation is required apart from diversion of excess water for productive purpose.
In case of labour management, skilled labour was required for operation modern
tools and equipments in agriculture which needs training to farmers. Agricultural ITI
should be established in different cluster of rural areas. Increasing literacy rate
decreases the interest of family members from working in agricultural field due to
less profit. Agricultural livelihood is going on declining. Thanks to UN for declaration of 2014 as the year of ‘Family farm’. Family labourers, hired labourers,
contract labourers for certain works are important for proper optimal engagement of
labourers with proper supervision.
In case of management of vegetation, farm forestry and agro forestry should use
trees as wind brakes. Trees should be planted on bounds as protection to some
horticultural practices. They are used as natural fence for banana, papaya, etc. Apart
from it, green leaves, recycling of crop wastes and bio-pesticides from the vegetations are also important for management of vegetation, which indirectly helps in
water conservation.
274
D. Chand and R. Gartia