38
H.-J. Bolle
to 6.6 cm year- l which is much less than needed for the formation of the additional
saline deep water (which was estimated to be 20 cm year-I). In winter high losses of
heat occur primarily in regions where water mass formation occurs like in the North
Adriatic, the Liguro - Procencal and Levantine - Aegean region (Table 3).
Table 2. Variability of the annual mean surface heat budget (AMSHB) and the net heat transports
at three transects after Korres et al. (2000). The heat transports (HT) are presented as follows:
HT(Gibraitar)/Area Mediterranean, [HT(Gibraltar) - HT(Sicily)]/area Western Mediterranean
(WM), and HT(Sicily)/area Eastern Mediterranean (EM) respectively
AMSHB(Wm')
Heat Transport (W m")
Year
Whole
I Western
Eastern
Across
Net Western
I
Across the
Mediterranean I Mediterranean Mediterranean I Gibraltar Mediterranean
I
Sicily Strait
(2.48EI2 m')
(0.84EI2 m 2 )
(1.65E12 m')
Strait
1980
0.076
12.894
-6.804
1.38
-8.608
6.716
1981
-1.591
14.012
-9.96
1.425
-9.429
7.224
1982
11.234
24.054
4.459
1.227
-13.229
8.948
1983
7.175
16.356
2.257
1.107
-9.177
6.6
1984
7.681
18.408
1.926
1.02
-11.244
7.571
1985
5.94
23.147
-3.306
0.901
-11.318
7.428
1986
-3.946
6.205
-9.396
0.873
-7.744
5.476
1987
14.553
23.037
9.999
1.144
-10.416
7.379
Mean
5.14
17.139
-1.353
1.135
-10.146
7.175
Table 3. Monthly 1987 - 1993 climatological surface heat fluxes in W m,2 computed from
model experiment by Angelucci et al. (1998) extracted for some geographical positions: NA:
North Adriatic, LP: Liguro-Provencial, LA: Levantine-Aegean, SES: South-east Spain, SSicili:
South of Sicily
Season
NA
LP
LA
SES
SSicili
Winter
-200
-160
-150
-80
-120
Spring
-40
o
-40
40
20
Summer
160
180
200
120
200
H.-J. Bolle
to 6.6 cm year- l which is much less than needed for the formation of the additional
saline deep water (which was estimated to be 20 cm year-I). In winter high losses of
heat occur primarily in regions where water mass formation occurs like in the North
Adriatic, the Liguro - Procencal and Levantine - Aegean region (Table 3).
Table 2. Variability of the annual mean surface heat budget (AMSHB) and the net heat transports
at three transects after Korres et al. (2000). The heat transports (HT) are presented as follows:
HT(Gibraitar)/Area Mediterranean, [HT(Gibraltar) - HT(Sicily)]/area Western Mediterranean
(WM), and HT(Sicily)/area Eastern Mediterranean (EM) respectively
AMSHB(Wm')
Heat Transport (W m")
Year
Whole
I Western
Eastern
Across
Net Western
I
Across the
Mediterranean I Mediterranean Mediterranean I Gibraltar Mediterranean
I
Sicily Strait
(2.48EI2 m')
(0.84EI2 m 2 )
(1.65E12 m')
Strait
1980
0.076
12.894
-6.804
1.38
-8.608
6.716
1981
-1.591
14.012
-9.96
1.425
-9.429
7.224
1982
11.234
24.054
4.459
1.227
-13.229
8.948
1983
7.175
16.356
2.257
1.107
-9.177
6.6
1984
7.681
18.408
1.926
1.02
-11.244
7.571
1985
5.94
23.147
-3.306
0.901
-11.318
7.428
1986
-3.946
6.205
-9.396
0.873
-7.744
5.476
1987
14.553
23.037
9.999
1.144
-10.416
7.379
Mean
5.14
17.139
-1.353
1.135
-10.146
7.175
Table 3. Monthly 1987 - 1993 climatological surface heat fluxes in W m,2 computed from
model experiment by Angelucci et al. (1998) extracted for some geographical positions: NA:
North Adriatic, LP: Liguro-Provencial, LA: Levantine-Aegean, SES: South-east Spain, SSicili:
South of Sicily
Season
NA
LP
LA
SES
SSicili
Winter
-200
-160
-150
-80
-120
Spring
-40
o
-40
40
20
Summer
160
180
200
120
200