XVII
7 Assessment of Global Impacts
I 10
8 Case Study: Egypt
110
Chapter 4
Large Scale Aspects
113
Development of Priority Climate Indices for Africa: A Cci/CLIV AR
Workshop of the World Meteorological Organization
A. Mokssit
I IS
Preamble
115
I Introduction
I 16
2 African Climate Overview
116
3 Data and Indices
117
4 Software and Analysis
117
5 Results
I 19
6 Conclusion
120
Analysis of Mediterranean Climate Data: Measured and Modelled
1. Palutikof
125
I Introduction
125
2 Understanding Trends in Observations
125
3 Understanding the Underlying Causes of the Observed Trends
127
4 Understanding What May Happen in Future
129
5 Understanding the Relationship Between Present and Future Climates
129
6 Conclusions
130
500-year Winter Temperature and Precipitation Variability over the
Mediterranean Area and its Connection to the Large-scale Atmospheric
Circulation
J. Luterbacher and E. Xoplaki
133
Summary
133
I Introduction
134
2 Data and Methods
136
2.1 Predictor Data (Instrumental and Documentary Proxy Data for the
Last 500 Years)
136
2.2 Statistical Reconstruction of Large-scale 500 Years Temperature
and Precipitation Fields
136
3 Results
139
3.1 Mediterranean Winter Temperature and Precipitation Variability
AD 1500-1995
139
3.2 Mediterranean Winter Climate Extremes Over the Last Five
Centuries
3.3 Sea Level Pressure (SLP) Fields for Mediterranean Winter
Climate Extremes Over the Last Five Centuries
3.4 Connection Between the NAO Index and the Mediterranean
Temperature and Precipitation Variability AD 1500-1995
4 Discussion
141
146
146
147