CHAPTER 3 . Coastal Lagoons of Southeastern Brazil
53
3.11
Primary Production
Measurements of primary production for complete annual cycles have been carried
out in Flora L. and Urussanga L. (Carmouze et ai. 1991), Guarapina L. (Moreira and
Knoppers 1990; Knoppers and Moreira 1990), Barra L. (Carmouze et al. 1993), CananeiaIguape L. (Tundisi et ai. 1973, 1978), and Patos L. Estuary (Proen<;:a 1990; Abreu et ai.
1992, 1994b). Some daily and weekly measurements at some stages of the annual cycle
have been carried out in Araruama L. (Knoppers et aI., in press), PiratinirIga L. (Carneiro
et ai. 1993, 1994), and Concei<;:ao L. (Knoppers and Odebrecht, unpublished data). The
annual cycles of primary production and mean daily rates of primary production and
respiration in the lagoons have well-defined patterns (Table 3-4, Fig. 3.10). The phytoplankton-based coastal lagoons are, in general, characterized by a unimodal annual
cycle, with highest production rates during the austral summer and lowest during the
winter. The annual cycle measured for Barra L. was influenced by a dystrophic crises
and a fish kill (Carmouze et ai. 1993). The annual net primary production rates for
the lagoons of the state of Rio de Janeiro were 324-810 g C m- 2 ye'. The highest daily
primary production rates were recorded during the exponential growth phase by
cyanobacteria in summer in Guarapina L. and Barra L., and by macroalgae in
Primary production (mg C m- 3 h- 1 )
300,-___ 1_98_8 ____ - L _________ 19_8_9_,
300,-___ 1_9_88 ____ - L _________ 19_8_9_,
•
URU
•
FOR
• • j\
200
. . \
/r..... , .
/ . \
•• ~, / 'e • eo.
• •
'.
200
100 \ . - / . " .
\ ,
100
I"~""
....
a ..a ..
A
0
D
F
A
A
0
D
F
A
1985
1986
300,-________ ~ __ ~~ __ ~~
••
GUA
200
100
\
.\
.. ,
1970
I
1971
600,-__________ ~ ________ ~_,
CAN
400
. _ . / .......
200
/
\
---.
a .-.-..........
•
A
0
D
F
A
J
Months
1991
1992
300,-__ ----~----------~~_,
1\ Ie
BAR
200 ...... ~ .. ' .... ~ . ..,,\
... ., ...
100
a S N
M
1989
1990
300,-________________ - L _ _ _ _ _ ,
PAE
200
Months
Fig. 3.10. Seasonal distribution of primary production (mg C m-3h- 1 ) in Urussanga L. (URU), Flora L.
(FOR), Guarapina L. (GUA), Barra L. (BAR), L. Canam'ia-Igwipe (CAN) and the Patos L. Estuary (PAE)
53
3.11
Primary Production
Measurements of primary production for complete annual cycles have been carried
out in Flora L. and Urussanga L. (Carmouze et ai. 1991), Guarapina L. (Moreira and
Knoppers 1990; Knoppers and Moreira 1990), Barra L. (Carmouze et al. 1993), CananeiaIguape L. (Tundisi et ai. 1973, 1978), and Patos L. Estuary (Proen<;:a 1990; Abreu et ai.
1992, 1994b). Some daily and weekly measurements at some stages of the annual cycle
have been carried out in Araruama L. (Knoppers et aI., in press), PiratinirIga L. (Carneiro
et ai. 1993, 1994), and Concei<;:ao L. (Knoppers and Odebrecht, unpublished data). The
annual cycles of primary production and mean daily rates of primary production and
respiration in the lagoons have well-defined patterns (Table 3-4, Fig. 3.10). The phytoplankton-based coastal lagoons are, in general, characterized by a unimodal annual
cycle, with highest production rates during the austral summer and lowest during the
winter. The annual cycle measured for Barra L. was influenced by a dystrophic crises
and a fish kill (Carmouze et ai. 1993). The annual net primary production rates for
the lagoons of the state of Rio de Janeiro were 324-810 g C m- 2 ye'. The highest daily
primary production rates were recorded during the exponential growth phase by
cyanobacteria in summer in Guarapina L. and Barra L., and by macroalgae in
Primary production (mg C m- 3 h- 1 )
300,-___ 1_98_8 ____ - L _________ 19_8_9_,
300,-___ 1_9_88 ____ - L _________ 19_8_9_,
•
URU
•
FOR
• • j\
200
. . \
/r..... , .
/ . \
•• ~, / 'e • eo.
• •
'.
200
100 \ . - / . " .
\ ,
100
I"~""
....
a ..a ..
A
0
D
F
A
A
0
D
F
A
1985
1986
300,-________ ~ __ ~~ __ ~~
••
GUA
200
100
\
.\
.. ,
1970
I
1971
600,-__________ ~ ________ ~_,
CAN
400
. _ . / .......
200
/
\
---.
a .-.-..........
•
A
0
D
F
A
J
Months
1991
1992
300,-__ ----~----------~~_,
1\ Ie
BAR
200 ...... ~ .. ' .... ~ . ..,,\
... ., ...
100
a S N
M
1989
1990
300,-________________ - L _ _ _ _ _ ,
PAE
200
Months
Fig. 3.10. Seasonal distribution of primary production (mg C m-3h- 1 ) in Urussanga L. (URU), Flora L.
(FOR), Guarapina L. (GUA), Barra L. (BAR), L. Canam'ia-Igwipe (CAN) and the Patos L. Estuary (PAE)