1 Parent Structures
1.1
Acyclic Hydrocarbon Systems
1.1.1
Linear Systems
Saturated hydrocarbons are classified by the parent name alkanes; substituent groups derived from them are called alkyl (or alkanyl, see below)
groups. The naming system is based on the unbranched members of the
homologous series CnH 2n + 1 of which only the first four are designated by
trivial names.
1 Methane, 2 Ethane, 3 Propene, 4 Butane
Starting with n = 5 the names are formed systematically by attaching the
suffix ... ane to a numerical term derived from a Greek or Latin numeral.
5 Pentane, 6 Hexane, 7 Heptane, 8 Octane, 9 Nonane
All other unbranched hydrocarbons can be named by combining numerals of the first decade with the respective numerals of the following decades; hundreds and thousands are analogously incorporated into this system.
1 Hen
10 Decane
100 He
1000 Ki
2 Do
20 Co sane
200 Di
2000 Di
3 Tri
30 Tria
300 Tri
3000 Tri
4 Tetra
40 Tetra
400 Tetra
4000 Tetra
5 Penta
50 Penta
500 Penta ctane 5000 Penta Hane
6 Hexa
60 Hexa
contane 600 Hexa
6000 Hexa
7 Hepta
70 Hepta
700 Hepta
7000 Hepta
8 Octa
80 Octa
800 Octa
8000 Octa
9 Nona
90 Nona
900 Nona
9000 Nona
Exceptions: 1 = mono, 2 = di, 11 = Undecane, 20 = Icosane, 21 = Henicosane. The corresponding substituent groups bear the end-syllable ... yl