5.5 Classical Qualitative Analysis
227
Box 5.13
Analytical scheme for the identification of families of organic compounds
based on distillation and liquid-liquid extraction
Water-soluble Mixtures (some may contain esters)
txaporate to
dryness
~"."'"
Acids
@
- Saturate with (old K lCO)
- Allow layers to se parate (extraction)
- Neutralize with
H2S04 (Methyl
Orange)
- Distill with steam
Neutral compounds
Notes:
• For experimental details, see the book by Shriner et 01. (suggested reading no. 7).
• Separations produce only three large groups (I, II and III) of organic acids and one each of
basic (IV) and neutral compounds (V).
• Groups I and II are separated by precipitation.