194
4 The Measurement Process in Chemistry
I Questions
(1) Relate CMP to "technique", "method" and "procedure".
(2) Comment on the "black box" notion implicit in the generic definition of
CMP.
(3) Why should equipment calibration also be considered in conducting preliminaryoperations?
(4) Give your opinion about the suitability of the designation CMP for the body
of operations involved in obtaining an analytical chemical result (Box 4.1).
(5) How does the analytical problem influence the way a CMP should be
designed and applied?
(6) Can calibration operations (Fig. 4.5) be considered steps of a CMP?
(7) Relate "calibration" to "chemical measurement process".
(8) Why does the type of analyte involved dictate the particular CMP to be
used? Give an example illustrating the fact that the same sample may require different types of treatment if different analytes are to be determined.
(9) Give some examples of apparatus calibration in the analytical process.
(10) Explain the significance of preliminary operations in terms of their
features (Fig. 4.6).
(11) Which group of analytical properties is most markedly influenced by the
preliminary operations of the CMP?
(12) What are the most salient differences between physical and chemical
measurement processes?
(l3) Why are preliminary operations so varied in nature? Why is this a constraint rather than an asset?
(14) Give some examples of instrument calibration in the analytical process.
(15) Why do the specific analytical tools available dictate the way a CMP is to be
designed?
(16) Why do preliminary operations affect representativeness of results?
(17) Define "computer (hardware and software) validation" as a part of a CMP.
(18) Give one example of each type of interface shown in the schemes of Fig. 4.7.
(19) The first example in Box 4.4 (the determination of metals in soil) involves
two rather different types of treatment. Why?
(20) Give two examples of integration of two steps of the analytical process.
(21) What is the usual origin of the problems encountered during sampling?
(22) Can a random sample be representative? Can a selective sample? Why?
(23) Why do random errors accumulate in the course of a CMP?
(24) What is a bulk sample? What is an aliquot?
(25) In what situations are analytical separation methods redundant?
(26) Comment on the characteristics of a sampling plan.
(27) How can spatial and temporal heterogeneity in a sample be defined?
(28) What is the "clean-up" operation? What analytical property does it affect?
(29) What preliminary operations are conceivable for a solid (A), liquid (B),
gaseous sample (C)?
(30) Why do analytical separation methods play such a prominent role in CMPs?
4 The Measurement Process in Chemistry
I Questions
(1) Relate CMP to "technique", "method" and "procedure".
(2) Comment on the "black box" notion implicit in the generic definition of
CMP.
(3) Why should equipment calibration also be considered in conducting preliminaryoperations?
(4) Give your opinion about the suitability of the designation CMP for the body
of operations involved in obtaining an analytical chemical result (Box 4.1).
(5) How does the analytical problem influence the way a CMP should be
designed and applied?
(6) Can calibration operations (Fig. 4.5) be considered steps of a CMP?
(7) Relate "calibration" to "chemical measurement process".
(8) Why does the type of analyte involved dictate the particular CMP to be
used? Give an example illustrating the fact that the same sample may require different types of treatment if different analytes are to be determined.
(9) Give some examples of apparatus calibration in the analytical process.
(10) Explain the significance of preliminary operations in terms of their
features (Fig. 4.6).
(11) Which group of analytical properties is most markedly influenced by the
preliminary operations of the CMP?
(12) What are the most salient differences between physical and chemical
measurement processes?
(l3) Why are preliminary operations so varied in nature? Why is this a constraint rather than an asset?
(14) Give some examples of instrument calibration in the analytical process.
(15) Why do the specific analytical tools available dictate the way a CMP is to be
designed?
(16) Why do preliminary operations affect representativeness of results?
(17) Define "computer (hardware and software) validation" as a part of a CMP.
(18) Give one example of each type of interface shown in the schemes of Fig. 4.7.
(19) The first example in Box 4.4 (the determination of metals in soil) involves
two rather different types of treatment. Why?
(20) Give two examples of integration of two steps of the analytical process.
(21) What is the usual origin of the problems encountered during sampling?
(22) Can a random sample be representative? Can a selective sample? Why?
(23) Why do random errors accumulate in the course of a CMP?
(24) What is a bulk sample? What is an aliquot?
(25) In what situations are analytical separation methods redundant?
(26) Comment on the characteristics of a sampling plan.
(27) How can spatial and temporal heterogeneity in a sample be defined?
(28) What is the "clean-up" operation? What analytical property does it affect?
(29) What preliminary operations are conceivable for a solid (A), liquid (B),
gaseous sample (C)?
(30) Why do analytical separation methods play such a prominent role in CMPs?