440
-, nitrogen 149
-, normalized dissolved inorganic carbon dioxide
(NTC02) 28-30, 107
-, organic carbon (TOC) 302,
304,309, 311, 313-315
-, measurement photocatalytic 315
-, sulfur 99
-, measurement 98
toxicity 3-4,201-203,213-214,
218, 245-246, 253, 265, 275,
281,324, 328, 403
-, antimony compounds 265
-, chromium(VI) 281
-, mercury 246
-, metal 3
-, organotin 214
-, tributyltin (TBT) 202
toxin 322-325,327-328,331,334,
336
-, cigua- 331
-, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) 323-325,
327
-, marine 321-322,336
-, polyether 323, 328, 331
-, polypeptidic 334
TPA see tetrapropylammonium
TPhT see triphenyltin
trace
-, element 3-4, 229, 358, 362,
365,367,369,406, 415
-, metal 3,101,120, 175, 194,
199, 299, 342-343, 362,
367-369,408,418
-, accumulation 367
-, separation 342
tracer 35, 128, 281
-, conservative 35
-, lipid 128
-, radioactive 2
transalkylation 266
transfer, velocity 12, 168-170
transformation, natural organic
matter 372
transition metal 344-346
triacylglycerol 128
trialkylamine 419
trialkylated organotin 201
trialkyltin 4, 215-216
tributyltin (TBT) 201-205,
208-209, 213, 215, 230-231
-, bioaccumulation 203
tributyltin oxide (TBTO)
202-203
tricarboxylic acid 344
trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 150
triethylantimony 273
triglycerol 421
trimethylantimony 266-267,
273,277
-, production 277
trimethylarsine 275
trimethyldibromoantimony
278
-, bioreduction 278
trimethyltin 215-216, 219-221
triorganotin 229-230, 232-233
trioses 61
triphenylmethane 347
triphenyltin (TPhT) 201,
230-231, 422
triptophane 336
trisaccharide 61
tritium 98
trophic level 255
tropolone 205
tryptophan, halogenation 334
tuna 255
turbulence 367
turtle 417, 420
Tyrrhenian Sea 257-258,366
u
UDOM see ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter
ultrafiltered dissolved organic
matter (UDOM) 69, 301
ultrafiltration 150,301,311,315
ultrasonic nebulizer 350,352
ultraviolet, post-column oxidation, cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (UVPCO-CVAAS) 352
UNEQ method 394
United Kingdom 202, 257
univariate least squares regression 396
upwelling, coastal 95
urban 162, 165, 167-168, 400,
402,408, 419
-, aerosol 162, 165
-, pollution 402
urea 310,315
uronic acid 67
USA 63,159, 205, 250, 398
Ustica 1
UV
-, -B radiation 78,87
-, absorption by CDOM 78
-, adsorber 327
-, detection 322,328,331,347
-, irradiation 213
-, light 78, 87
-, oxidation 299, 304, 310
-, photooxidation 304
-, radiation 78,87
UV-PCO-CVAAS see ultraviolet, post -column oxidation,
cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry
Index
v
vacuum distillation 303
Van de Graaff machine 360
vanillic acid 65-66
vanillin 65-66
vanillyl 63, 65
vaporization 162
vapour 159-160,205,236,245,
251,304,350,352
-,phase 159
-, pressure 159
-, osmometry 236
Varana 409
variance 363,391-392,394,398,
403,409, 413, 416, 419-420,
422
varimax rotation 394
variscore 400
varivector 394, 400-401
vascular plant tissue 63
vegetation 75, 246, 365
Venezuela 91
Venice 349, 366, 368-369, 409
-,Lagoon 349,366,369
venom 334
Vila do Condo 408
viscosity 170
vitamin B12 248, 275
VOC see volatile organic carbon
volatile organic carbon (VOC),
marine 302
volatilisation, antimony 276
volcanoe 246
voltage 321, 324, 331, 333
w
walleye 255
Washington 63-65
waste incinerator 247
water
-, anoxic 17, 99, 100,
108-112,115,121-122
-, coastal sea 247, 249
-, coastal, shallow 410
-, contaminant 313
-, deep 9, 13, 18, 22, 26, 28,
31,33-35,91,95,98-103,
108,114,116,191-192,292,
300-301, 410
-, estuarine 184, 281, 284
-, hydrothermal 290
-, marine surface 249
-, microlayer 413
-, polar 27
wave 103,365,405
-, -length 77-78, 205,
387-391,422
-, rolling motion 365
-, nitrogen 149
-, normalized dissolved inorganic carbon dioxide
(NTC02) 28-30, 107
-, organic carbon (TOC) 302,
304,309, 311, 313-315
-, measurement photocatalytic 315
-, sulfur 99
-, measurement 98
toxicity 3-4,201-203,213-214,
218, 245-246, 253, 265, 275,
281,324, 328, 403
-, antimony compounds 265
-, chromium(VI) 281
-, mercury 246
-, metal 3
-, organotin 214
-, tributyltin (TBT) 202
toxin 322-325,327-328,331,334,
336
-, cigua- 331
-, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) 323-325,
327
-, marine 321-322,336
-, polyether 323, 328, 331
-, polypeptidic 334
TPA see tetrapropylammonium
TPhT see triphenyltin
trace
-, element 3-4, 229, 358, 362,
365,367,369,406, 415
-, metal 3,101,120, 175, 194,
199, 299, 342-343, 362,
367-369,408,418
-, accumulation 367
-, separation 342
tracer 35, 128, 281
-, conservative 35
-, lipid 128
-, radioactive 2
transalkylation 266
transfer, velocity 12, 168-170
transformation, natural organic
matter 372
transition metal 344-346
triacylglycerol 128
trialkylamine 419
trialkylated organotin 201
trialkyltin 4, 215-216
tributyltin (TBT) 201-205,
208-209, 213, 215, 230-231
-, bioaccumulation 203
tributyltin oxide (TBTO)
202-203
tricarboxylic acid 344
trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 150
triethylantimony 273
triglycerol 421
trimethylantimony 266-267,
273,277
-, production 277
trimethylarsine 275
trimethyldibromoantimony
278
-, bioreduction 278
trimethyltin 215-216, 219-221
triorganotin 229-230, 232-233
trioses 61
triphenylmethane 347
triphenyltin (TPhT) 201,
230-231, 422
triptophane 336
trisaccharide 61
tritium 98
trophic level 255
tropolone 205
tryptophan, halogenation 334
tuna 255
turbulence 367
turtle 417, 420
Tyrrhenian Sea 257-258,366
u
UDOM see ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter
ultrafiltered dissolved organic
matter (UDOM) 69, 301
ultrafiltration 150,301,311,315
ultrasonic nebulizer 350,352
ultraviolet, post-column oxidation, cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (UVPCO-CVAAS) 352
UNEQ method 394
United Kingdom 202, 257
univariate least squares regression 396
upwelling, coastal 95
urban 162, 165, 167-168, 400,
402,408, 419
-, aerosol 162, 165
-, pollution 402
urea 310,315
uronic acid 67
USA 63,159, 205, 250, 398
Ustica 1
UV
-, -B radiation 78,87
-, absorption by CDOM 78
-, adsorber 327
-, detection 322,328,331,347
-, irradiation 213
-, light 78, 87
-, oxidation 299, 304, 310
-, photooxidation 304
-, radiation 78,87
UV-PCO-CVAAS see ultraviolet, post -column oxidation,
cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry
Index
v
vacuum distillation 303
Van de Graaff machine 360
vanillic acid 65-66
vanillin 65-66
vanillyl 63, 65
vaporization 162
vapour 159-160,205,236,245,
251,304,350,352
-,phase 159
-, pressure 159
-, osmometry 236
Varana 409
variance 363,391-392,394,398,
403,409, 413, 416, 419-420,
422
varimax rotation 394
variscore 400
varivector 394, 400-401
vascular plant tissue 63
vegetation 75, 246, 365
Venezuela 91
Venice 349, 366, 368-369, 409
-,Lagoon 349,366,369
venom 334
Vila do Condo 408
viscosity 170
vitamin B12 248, 275
VOC see volatile organic carbon
volatile organic carbon (VOC),
marine 302
volatilisation, antimony 276
volcanoe 246
voltage 321, 324, 331, 333
w
walleye 255
Washington 63-65
waste incinerator 247
water
-, anoxic 17, 99, 100,
108-112,115,121-122
-, coastal sea 247, 249
-, coastal, shallow 410
-, contaminant 313
-, deep 9, 13, 18, 22, 26, 28,
31,33-35,91,95,98-103,
108,114,116,191-192,292,
300-301, 410
-, estuarine 184, 281, 284
-, hydrothermal 290
-, marine surface 249
-, microlayer 413
-, polar 27
wave 103,365,405
-, -length 77-78, 205,
387-391,422
-, rolling motion 365