CHAPTER 17 . Characterization of Marine Toxins with LC-ESI-MS
337
sitive immunochemical assays for screening protocols, but will provide more precise
and reliable information in the cases turning out positive to the screening.
Acknowledgements
Financial support from the project "Sistema Lagunare Veneziano", M.U.R.S.T. and
C.N.R. is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Arakawa 0, Nishio S, Noguchi T, Shida Y, Onoue Y (1995) A new saxitoxin analog from a xanthid crab
Atergatis floridus. Toxicon 33:1577-1584
Bencsath FA, Dickey RW (1991) Mass spectral characteristics of okadaic acid and simple derivatives.
Rapid Comm Mass Spectrom 5:283-290
Bingham J-P,Jones A, Lewis RJ,Andrews PR,Alewood PF (1996) Conus venom peptides (conopeptides):
Interspecies, intraspecies and within-individual variation revealed by ion-spray mass spectrometry.
Biochem Aspects Mar Pharmacol13-27
Bruins AP (1997) ESI source design and dynamic range considerations. In: Cole RB (ed) Electrospray
ionization mass spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 107-136
Curtis JM, Hu T, Wright JLC (1996) Studies of sulfated marine toxins by MS and MS/MS using a hybrid sector/orthogonal acceletation time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Proceedings of the 44th
ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Portland, Oregon, May 12-16, p 884
Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti, L, Boria P, Stacchini A (1995) Detection of diarrohetic shellfish toxins
in mussels from Italy by ionspray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Toxicon 33:
1591-1603
Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti L, Boria P, Poletti R (1996) First report of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) in
algae (Dinophysis fortii) related to seafood poisoning in Europe. Toxicon 34:923-935
Draisci R, Giannetti L, Lucentini L, Marchiafava C, James KJ, Bishop AG, Healy BM, Kelly SS (1998a)
Isolation of a new okadaic acid analogue from phytoplankton implicated in diarrhetic shellfish
poisoning. J Chrom A 798:137-145
Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti L, Boria P, James KJ, Furey A, Gillman M, Kelly SS (1998b) Determination of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in mussels by microliquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry. J AOAC Int 81:441-447
Eluan Kalume D, Roepstorff P, Furie B, Furie B, Czervjec E, Hambe B, Stenflo J (1998) Characterization of heavily modified peptide toxins from sea snail (Conus textile) by MALDI-TOF and ESIion-trap mass spectrometry. Presented at the 46th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and
Allied Topics, Orlando, May 31-June 4
Falconer IR (1993) Algal toxins in seafood and drinking water. Academic Press, London
Hall S, Strichartz G (1990) Marine toxins: Origin, structure and molecular pharmacology. American
Chemical Society, Washington DC
Hua Y, Lu W, Henry MS, Pierce RH, Cole RB (1995) On-line high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of brevetoxins in "red tide"
algae. Anal Chern 67:1815-1823
Hua Y,Lu W, Henry MS, Pierce RH, Cole RB (1996) On-line liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for determination of the brevetoxin profile in natural "red tide" algae
blooms. J Chrom A 750:115-125
Hunt DF, Yates RJ III, Shabanowitz J, Winston S, Hauer CR (1986) Protein sequence by mass spectrometry. Proc Nat! Acad Sci 83:6233-6237
James KJ, Bishop AG, Gillman M, Kelly SS, Roden C, Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti L, Boria P (1997a)
Liquid chromatography with fluorimetric, mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric
detection for investigation of the seafood-toxin-producing phytoplankton, Dinophysis acuta. J
Chrom A 777:213-221
James KJ, Carmody EP, Gillman M, Kelly SS, Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti L (1997b) Identification
of a new diarrohetic toxin in shellfish using liquid chromatography with fluorimetric and mass
spectrometric detection. Toxicon 35:973-978
Jones A, Bingham J-p, Gehrmann J, Bond T, Loughnan M, Atkins A, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF (1996) Isolation and characterization of conopeptides by high-performance liquid chromatography combined
with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm Mass Spectrom 10:
138-143
337
sitive immunochemical assays for screening protocols, but will provide more precise
and reliable information in the cases turning out positive to the screening.
Acknowledgements
Financial support from the project "Sistema Lagunare Veneziano", M.U.R.S.T. and
C.N.R. is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Arakawa 0, Nishio S, Noguchi T, Shida Y, Onoue Y (1995) A new saxitoxin analog from a xanthid crab
Atergatis floridus. Toxicon 33:1577-1584
Bencsath FA, Dickey RW (1991) Mass spectral characteristics of okadaic acid and simple derivatives.
Rapid Comm Mass Spectrom 5:283-290
Bingham J-P,Jones A, Lewis RJ,Andrews PR,Alewood PF (1996) Conus venom peptides (conopeptides):
Interspecies, intraspecies and within-individual variation revealed by ion-spray mass spectrometry.
Biochem Aspects Mar Pharmacol13-27
Bruins AP (1997) ESI source design and dynamic range considerations. In: Cole RB (ed) Electrospray
ionization mass spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 107-136
Curtis JM, Hu T, Wright JLC (1996) Studies of sulfated marine toxins by MS and MS/MS using a hybrid sector/orthogonal acceletation time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Proceedings of the 44th
ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Portland, Oregon, May 12-16, p 884
Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti, L, Boria P, Stacchini A (1995) Detection of diarrohetic shellfish toxins
in mussels from Italy by ionspray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Toxicon 33:
1591-1603
Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti L, Boria P, Poletti R (1996) First report of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) in
algae (Dinophysis fortii) related to seafood poisoning in Europe. Toxicon 34:923-935
Draisci R, Giannetti L, Lucentini L, Marchiafava C, James KJ, Bishop AG, Healy BM, Kelly SS (1998a)
Isolation of a new okadaic acid analogue from phytoplankton implicated in diarrhetic shellfish
poisoning. J Chrom A 798:137-145
Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti L, Boria P, James KJ, Furey A, Gillman M, Kelly SS (1998b) Determination of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in mussels by microliquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry. J AOAC Int 81:441-447
Eluan Kalume D, Roepstorff P, Furie B, Furie B, Czervjec E, Hambe B, Stenflo J (1998) Characterization of heavily modified peptide toxins from sea snail (Conus textile) by MALDI-TOF and ESIion-trap mass spectrometry. Presented at the 46th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and
Allied Topics, Orlando, May 31-June 4
Falconer IR (1993) Algal toxins in seafood and drinking water. Academic Press, London
Hall S, Strichartz G (1990) Marine toxins: Origin, structure and molecular pharmacology. American
Chemical Society, Washington DC
Hua Y, Lu W, Henry MS, Pierce RH, Cole RB (1995) On-line high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of brevetoxins in "red tide"
algae. Anal Chern 67:1815-1823
Hua Y,Lu W, Henry MS, Pierce RH, Cole RB (1996) On-line liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for determination of the brevetoxin profile in natural "red tide" algae
blooms. J Chrom A 750:115-125
Hunt DF, Yates RJ III, Shabanowitz J, Winston S, Hauer CR (1986) Protein sequence by mass spectrometry. Proc Nat! Acad Sci 83:6233-6237
James KJ, Bishop AG, Gillman M, Kelly SS, Roden C, Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti L, Boria P (1997a)
Liquid chromatography with fluorimetric, mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric
detection for investigation of the seafood-toxin-producing phytoplankton, Dinophysis acuta. J
Chrom A 777:213-221
James KJ, Carmody EP, Gillman M, Kelly SS, Draisci R, Lucentini L, Giannetti L (1997b) Identification
of a new diarrohetic toxin in shellfish using liquid chromatography with fluorimetric and mass
spectrometric detection. Toxicon 35:973-978
Jones A, Bingham J-p, Gehrmann J, Bond T, Loughnan M, Atkins A, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF (1996) Isolation and characterization of conopeptides by high-performance liquid chromatography combined
with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm Mass Spectrom 10:
138-143